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科技如何改变人际关系

时间:2015-08-05 12:31来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   毫无疑问,科技正在改变我们的生活。但我们是否能意识到它在我们生活中的存在,以及它是如何影响我们和至亲的人之间的交流吗?

  尼尔森今年的一项调查显示,美国人平时每天在社交媒体上花费11个小时,其中超过半数时间花在智能手机或平板电脑上。
  由于科技的发展,我们与周围人的交流方式发生了巨大的改变。在这样一种科技“测试版”人际关系中,我们表达欲望的方式和相互间的信任被重新定义。以下是我们的社会结构将被科技改变的五个方面:
  It is now an uncontested fact that technology is pervasive1 throughout our lives. But how often do we assess its presence in our relationships, recognizing how, exactly, it has impacted the way we interact with those closest to us?
  科技如何改变人际关系
  Historically, we are going where no human has gone before, hooked up to apps offering unprecedented2 exposure to the innermost thoughts and actions of others, as well as new avenues to spy on our loved ones, cheat, and cover the tracks.
  A 2014 Nielsen survey found that the average American spends 11 hours on social media, and more than half of that time is spent looking at a smartphone or tablet.
  Technology has put our relationships in beta, redefining how we communicate our desires and trust one another. Brought to you in partnership3 with Paramount’s Men, Women and Children, here are five unbelievable ways in which technology is changing the very fabric4 of our societies, revealing how little we know about the people we think we know – and how little we know ourselves.
  1. Social media may literally5 change our genes6.
  The science of epigenetics has shown that our experiences may permanently7, even heritably, transform our DNA8. This means that things we feel, like trauma9 and loss, change the way future generations are wired. By this logic10, can communication physically11 transform us?
  “Disrupting technologies of communication – such as the alphabet, such as language – absolutely change the architecture of the brain,” says digital scholar and techno-optimist Jason Silva, host of the Shots of Awe12 web series. “We are designed by that which we have designed, including language, technology, and visual media.”
  Today, we use applications like Instagram as “mental scaffolding” for our memories – and soon, predicts Silva, we will be able to fully13 immerse ourselves in the output of someone else’s dreamspace without the square confines of a handheld device. For better or worse, we either use these tools to offer our vision of the world in a certain place and time, or to stupefy our audience.
  Warns Silva, “You can use these fragments to reconstruct, or deconstruct, who a person is, but you shouldn’t use them to pretend to know the entire person.”
  2. Social media accelerates our relationships.
  Benjamin Painter, 32, of Dallas, lost his ex-wife to a fantasy relationship she developed over Facebook’s Mafia Wars. He believes the behavior would have eventually manifested without a digital outlet14.
  “She started telling me that I was different, but I thought it was normal to go through life changes after graduation and marriage,” says Painter, who was then a recent college grad. “[Two months into the marriage], I walked into my home office and saw a chat window open on her Facebook page on the computer. ‘Who is this?’ I asked her. ‘Oh, it’s just Johnny*,’ she told me.”
  The name began appearing constantly in his then-wife’s news feed and comments. Painter says he only stopped seeing it when his wife blocked him from seeing her Facebook account. When she asked him to move out of their shared apartment, Ben started attending therapy in hopes of healing their marriage.
  Painter’s wife soon traveled to Seattle, Washington (a place near the setting of the Twilight15 series), and stayed with Johnny during her trip. They now have a child together.
  “The child is a walking, talking thing that was born out of a situation that mostly occurred in cyberspace,” says Ben. “She never wanted to be uncomfortable or unhappy, and inhabited bubble worlds to sustain that. I am sure this part of her would have shown up eventually, but technology made the rift16 grow faster.”
  On the other hand, Ben met his current girlfriend of two years on OKCupid, and was immediately struck by their common language. “I asked her out quickly because I needed to get us out of the internet and into the world.”
  3. Online dating actually delays “IRL” meetings.
  “Whatever dating site you use, you ‘meet’ someone and immediately start fantasizing about them, because it can be more fun than reality,” says Bea Arthur, a mental health counselor17 and founder18 of Pretty Padded Room, an online therapy website. “I see people delaying meeting in person for as long as possible, although we know better.”
  We should know better because relationships start to become solid after about five dates, says the therapist, while the first meeting is simply an initial interaction. Expectation is the root of the most disappointment in online dating, Arthur says. Are we afraid to burst the bubble of an attractive online persona?
  “People delay and accelerate the meeting up to extend or dispel19 the fantasy,” continues Arthur. “When we are single, there's only our imagination of our next partner, but it's very difficult to actually confront the variable of another person and their effect on you, so the transition can be difficult.”
  Our fears and motives20 surrounding online dating stem from personal experience; for example, experienced daters may intuitively know to rule out a bad fit right away, while experienced, jaded21 daters may want to “drag out the dream a little longer.”
  4. Technology mobilizes the LGBT community.
  Tara*, 25, a writer from New York City, waited for years to break the cultural barriers her traditional family posed around coming out about her sexual orientation22. Like 43 percent of LGBT young adults, she found enough comfort in a supportive online community to do it, gradually.
  “When I was first questioning myself, I made an OkCupid profile saying ‘bisexual’, but I hid my face because I was terrified,” she says. “But I wouldn’t have met my ex-girlfriend, I wouldn’t have had the courage to do it if I weren’t going online and looking for someone to talk to.”
  Remarkably23, half of LGBT youth say they are truly close to a supportive person they met online, compared to just 19 percent of straight youth, and 60 percent use social networking to find or create a community of similar people. Nearly three quarters of LGBT people have engaged in civic24 activity online by blogging or commenting about a cause or issue.
  Tara is waiting to write an identifying essay about her experience, because she is not ready to face its permanence.
  “If you’re gay, you don’t just come out once, you’re constantly coming out of the closet, but with the internet it’s this thing you can’t control,” she says. “The internet is a great place to find community, and find comforting places, but it’s permanent.”
  5. Technology is changing the way we mourn.
  When we die, we can will our belongings25 to family and friends. What about the trail of data, images, and comments we imprint26 online every day? Do they survive us?
  “One interesting way in which technology affects us is in the appearance of virtual pages dedicated27 to people who have died,” says Christina Zampitella, a clinical psychologist and thanatologist (grief specialist). “It’s an opportunity for those who loved this person to memorialize them and have a continued bond.”
  It works for the benefit of the community of people who survive the deceased, and is such an effective tool that Zampitella often encourages her grief patients to set up a Facebook page in the loved one’s memory.
  “Some parents who lose a child keep their cell phones active in order to see how their child interacted with the world, and to hear their voice messages, because you forget people’s voices,” she said. This is called a linking object – something that physically connects you to another person.
  “It cannot be bad or harmful, unless the person is in complicated grief and avoiding the reality of a loss,” she says. “Having a way of maintaining a bond to the person is very helpful. What better way of using technology?”

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1 pervasive T3zzH     
adj.普遍的;遍布的,(到处)弥漫的;渗透性的
参考例句:
  • It is the most pervasive compound on earth.它是地球上最普遍的化合物。
  • The adverse health effects of car exhaust are pervasive and difficult to measure.汽车尾气对人类健康所构成的有害影响是普遍的,并且难以估算。
2 unprecedented 7gSyJ     
adj.无前例的,新奇的
参考例句:
  • The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
  • A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。
3 partnership NmfzPy     
n.合作关系,伙伴关系
参考例句:
  • The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
  • Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。
4 fabric 3hezG     
n.织物,织品,布;构造,结构,组织
参考例句:
  • The fabric will spot easily.这种织品很容易玷污。
  • I don't like the pattern on the fabric.我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。
5 literally 28Wzv     
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
参考例句:
  • He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
  • Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
6 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
7 permanently KluzuU     
adv.永恒地,永久地,固定不变地
参考例句:
  • The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
  • The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。
8 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
9 trauma TJIzJ     
n.外伤,精神创伤
参考例句:
  • Counselling is helping him work through this trauma.心理辅导正帮助他面对痛苦。
  • The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。
10 logic j0HxI     
n.逻辑(学);逻辑性
参考例句:
  • What sort of logic is that?这是什么逻辑?
  • I don't follow the logic of your argument.我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。
11 physically iNix5     
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
参考例句:
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
12 awe WNqzC     
n.敬畏,惊惧;vt.使敬畏,使惊惧
参考例句:
  • The sight filled us with awe.这景色使我们大为惊叹。
  • The approaching tornado struck awe in our hearts.正在逼近的龙卷风使我们惊恐万分。
13 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
14 outlet ZJFxG     
n.出口/路;销路;批发商店;通风口;发泄
参考例句:
  • The outlet of a water pipe was blocked.水管的出水口堵住了。
  • Running is a good outlet for his energy.跑步是他发泄过剩精力的好方法。
15 twilight gKizf     
n.暮光,黄昏;暮年,晚期,衰落时期
参考例句:
  • Twilight merged into darkness.夕阳的光辉融于黑暗中。
  • Twilight was sweet with the smell of lilac and freshly turned earth.薄暮充满紫丁香和新翻耕的泥土的香味。
16 rift bCEzt     
n.裂口,隙缝,切口;v.裂开,割开,渗入
参考例句:
  • He was anxious to mend the rift between the two men.他急于弥合这两个人之间的裂痕。
  • The sun appeared through a rift in the clouds.太阳从云层间隙中冒出来。
17 counselor czlxd     
n.顾问,法律顾问
参考例句:
  • The counselor gave us some disinterested advice.顾问给了我们一些无私的忠告。
  • Chinese commercial counselor's office in foreign countries.中国驻国外商务参赞处。
18 Founder wigxF     
n.创始者,缔造者
参考例句:
  • He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
  • According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说,罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。
19 dispel XtQx0     
vt.驱走,驱散,消除
参考例句:
  • I tried in vain to dispel her misgivings.我试图消除她的疑虑,但没有成功。
  • We hope the programme will dispel certain misconceptions about the disease.我们希望这个节目能消除对这种疾病的一些误解。
20 motives 6c25d038886898b20441190abe240957     
n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机
  • His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。
21 jaded fqnzXN     
adj.精疲力竭的;厌倦的;(因过饱或过多而)腻烦的;迟钝的
参考例句:
  • I felt terribly jaded after working all weekend. 整个周末工作之后我感到疲惫不堪。
  • Here is a dish that will revive jaded palates. 这道菜简直可以恢复迟钝的味觉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
22 orientation IJ4xo     
n.方向,目标;熟悉,适应,情况介绍
参考例句:
  • Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
  • The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。
23 remarkably EkPzTW     
ad.不同寻常地,相当地
参考例句:
  • I thought she was remarkably restrained in the circumstances. 我认为她在那种情况下非常克制。
  • He made a remarkably swift recovery. 他康复得相当快。
24 civic Fqczn     
adj.城市的,都市的,市民的,公民的
参考例句:
  • I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。
  • The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。
25 belongings oy6zMv     
n.私人物品,私人财物
参考例句:
  • I put a few personal belongings in a bag.我把几件私人物品装进包中。
  • Your personal belongings are not dutiable.个人物品不用纳税。
26 imprint Zc6zO     
n.印痕,痕迹;深刻的印象;vt.压印,牢记
参考例句:
  • That dictionary is published under the Longman imprint.那本词典以朗曼公司的名义出版。
  • Her speech left its imprint on me.她的演讲给我留下了深刻印象。
27 dedicated duHzy2     
adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的
参考例句:
  • He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
  • His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。
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