顽固修正主义者抹黑日本形象

 　　For the last seven decades, Japan has been a rather inward looking nation, not much engaged either with its neighbors or the world beyond in other than purely¹ economic concerns: trade and outward foreign direct investment.

　　过去70年间，日本基本算是个内向型国家（inward looking nation），除纯粹的经济问题，即贸易及对外直接投资以外，很少参与邻国及全球的事务。

　　Beyond the purely economic dimensions, Japan cannot claim to have been an active Asian, let alone global citizen. Indeed, in many ways Japan has remained closed to its neighbors. The so-called Asian NIEs (newly industrialized economies) were able to achieve export-driven growth by penetrating², and profiting from, American and European markets, not that of their rich neighbor Japan.

　　在纯经济领域之外，日本不能说是一个活跃的“亚洲公民”，更称不上是活跃的“世界公民”了。的确，日本在很多方面都对邻国采取封闭态度。所谓的亚洲新兴工业化经济体（newly industrialized economies，NIEs）当年是依靠打入欧美市场，而非其富裕的邻国日本，出口产品赚取利润来发展经济。

　　This is one of the many differences between Germany and Japan. Germany has been the major market for its European neighbors, including the emerging East European economies. In contrast, Japan has not played the role of a regional economic locomotive.

　　这也是德国与日本的诸多区别之一。德国已成为其欧洲邻国（包括新兴的东欧经济体）的主要贸易市场，而日本在拉动地区经济方面并未发挥有力作用。

　　顽固修正主义者抹黑日本形象

　　The other major difference between Germany and Japan is that, while the former has atoned³ for its atrocities⁴ and has reconciled peacefully with its neighbors, Japan has not.

　　德日的另一个重要区别在于，德国已经为它曾经犯下的暴行赎罪，并且与邻国冰释前嫌，日本则不然。

　　The fact that Japan should be redefining its military role raises many questions, especially because of the way two security bills were railroaded through parliament. Polls indicate that two-thirds of the Japanese people are opposed to the bills. There have been demonstrations⁵ and petitions against them in Japan.

　　日本试图改变其军事定位的做法引发了很多质疑，尤其考虑到两次安保法案都是由国会强行通过。调查显示2/3的日本民众反对新安保法案。为此，日本民众曾多次举行抗议和请愿活动。

　　Fundamentally, however, the fact that Japan has not been an active Asian citizen would not have per se caused grave concern. What is worrying is that this is happening in conjunction with the increasingly strident nationalism and revisionism of the Japanese political leadership.

　　然而，从本质上说，日本并非积极的“亚洲公民”这一事实本身并不必令人十分担忧，此时正值日本政治领导人越发强硬地推行其民族主义和修正主义思想，这才是真正令人担忧的。

　　Although Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has refrained from visiting Yasukuni Shrine⁶ which, among others honors 14 Class-A war criminals, after 2013 visit because of intense international pressure, many other prominent Japanese politicians, including members of Abe's government, continue to regularly visit it.

　　出于强大的国际压力，2013年之后，日本首相安倍没有再参拜供奉有14名甲级战犯的靖国神社，然而包括安倍内阁官员在内的许多日本高层领导人仍坚持定期参拜神社。

　　Among the 14 Class-A war criminals honored in the Yasukuni Shrine is Iwane Matsui, the officer responsible for the Nanjing Massacre⁷ in which more than 300,000 Chinese were killed. This is as if, in Germany, members of Chancellor⁸ Angela Merkel's Christian⁹ Democratic Union visited and paid homage¹⁰ to the tombs of the Waffen SS. This act is a cruel provocation¹¹ vis-à-vis Japan's neighbors and war victims, and thereby¹² a major reason why there is no peace in the Asia-Pacific region.

　　靖国神社中供奉的14名甲级战犯包括制造南京大屠杀的主犯松井石根。南京大屠杀的中国遇难者超30万。日本政界的做法就如同德国总理默克尔参拜纳粹党卫队的墓地并致敬。这是对日本邻国及战争受害者的残忍挑衅，同时也是造成亚太地区不和谐局面的一个重要原因。

　　Over half of Abe's Cabinet, including Abe himself, along with some 150 members of parliament from the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, are members of a powerful ultra-nationalist lobby known as Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference). Far from promoting democracy, it insists that the American occupation and the pacifist Constitution emasculated Japan.

　　安倍内阁中超过半数的成员，包括安倍本人，以及约150名执政党自民党的议员都是“日本会议”（Nippon Kaigi）的成员。“日本会议”是一个很有影响力的极端民族主义游说团体。它不推行民主，反而主张美国的占领和和平主义的宪法是对日本的阉割。

　　This is the domestic political context in Japan which makes advocating re-arming Japan so troublesome. This same group praises the invasions, massacres¹³ and rapes¹⁴ of its East Asian neighbors as wars of liberation.

　　日本国内的这种政治环境使得日本解除集体自卫权一事尤为令人苦恼。“日本会议”还将日本战时对东亚邻国人民的侵略、屠杀和强奸等罪行粉饰为解放战争。

　　The most heinous¹⁵ aspect of contemporary Japanese revisionism is the denial of the plight¹⁶ of the Korean and Chinese sex slaves (known euphemistically in Japanese as "comfort women") - forced into prostitution by the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II. Japanese revisionists deny their existence or, worse, claim they were just common prostitutes. As a group of Japanese historical associations has asserted in a recent declaration, "the existence of forcibly recruited 'comfort women' has been verified by many historical records and research" and "those who were made 'comfort women' fell victim to unspeakable violence as sex slaves".

　　日本当代修正主义最令人发指的一面是否认在二战前及战中日本帝国陆军曾逼迫中韩女性成为性奴（日本使用委婉语“慰安妇”）。日本修正主义者否认慰安妇的存在，甚至宣称她们本身就是妓女。近日，许多日本的历史研究团体已经在一份宣言中证实，“大量历史资料和研究已经证明被‘逼良为娼’的慰安妇的存在”且 “这些慰安妇作为性奴遭受了不可言说的暴力伤害。”

　　If Japanese parliamentarians stopped visiting to the Yasukuni, if Nippon Kaigi were dissolved, if Abe bowed before the memorial erected¹⁷ in honor of the "comfort women", there would be far less concern about Japan's increased military role.

　　如果日本议员停止参拜靖国神社，如果“日本会议”被解散，如果安倍在慰安妇受害者的纪念碑前鞠躬道歉，人们也就不会对日本军事力量的增长这般担忧了。

　　But given the unrelenting chauvinism that pervades¹⁸ Japan's political establishment, it is no wonder that in East Asia there is serious concern about the resurgence¹⁹ of Japanese militarism - and hence the prospect²⁰ of war in Asia.

　　但盲目的爱国主义仍旧主导着日本内阁，所以难怪东亚各国对日本军国主义的死灰复燃以及亚洲未来可能因此爆发战争都颇为担忧。

　　The author: Jean-Pierre Lehmann is an emeritus²¹ professor of international political economy at the Institute for Management Development in Lausanne, Switzerland, and co-author of Japan's Open Future: An Agenda for Global Citizenship²².

　　关于作者：让-皮埃尔·莱曼（Jean-Pierre Lehmann），瑞典洛桑国际管理发展学院国际政治与经济学荣誉教授，《日本未来的一种选择：成为全球公民的议程》的作者之一。

　　Vocabulary

　　atone：弥补，赎罪

　　atrocity：暴行

　　reconcile：与…和好

　　emasculate：阉割，削弱

　　heinous：令人发指的

　　parliamentarian：议会议员

　　pervade：遍布

1 purely   

adv.纯粹地，完全地

参考例句：

• I helped him purely and simply out of friendship.我帮他纯粹是出于友情。
• This disproves the theory that children are purely imitative.这证明认为儿童只会单纯地模仿的理论是站不住脚的。

2 penetrating   

adj.（声音）响亮的，尖锐的adj.（气味）刺激的adj.（思想）敏锐的，有洞察力的

参考例句：

• He had an extraordinarily penetrating gaze. 他的目光有股异乎寻常的洞察力。
• He examined the man with a penetrating gaze. 他以锐利的目光仔细观察了那个人。

3 atoned   

v.补偿，赎（罪）( atone的过去式和过去分词 )；补偿，弥补，赎回

参考例句：

• He atoned for his sin with life. 他以生命赎罪。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• She had atoned for everything by the sacrifice she had made of her life. 她用牺牲生命来抵偿了一切。 来自辞典例句

4 atrocities   

n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪

参考例句：

• They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities. 他们犯有最野蛮、最灭绝人性的残暴罪行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy's atrocities made one boil with anger. 敌人的暴行令人发指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 demonstrations   

证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

6 shrine   

n.圣地，神龛，庙；v.将...置于神龛内，把...奉为神圣

参考例句：

• The shrine was an object of pilgrimage.这处圣地是人们朝圣的目的地。
• They bowed down before the shrine.他们在神龛前鞠躬示敬。

7 massacre   

n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀

参考例句：

• There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。
• If we forget the massacre,the massacre will happen again!忘记了大屠杀，大屠杀就有可能再次发生！

8 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

9 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

10 homage   

n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬

参考例句：

• We pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare.我们对莎士比亚的天才表示敬仰。
• The soldiers swore to pay their homage to the Queen.士兵们宣誓效忠于女王陛下。

11 provocation   

n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因

参考例句：

• He's got a fiery temper and flares up at the slightest provocation.他是火爆性子，一点就着。
• They did not react to this provocation.他们对这一挑衅未作反应。

12 thereby   

adv.因此，从而

参考例句：

• I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。
• He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

13 massacres   

大屠杀( massacre的名词复数 )； 惨败

参考例句：

• The time is past for guns and killings and massacres. 动不动就用枪、动不动就杀、大规模屠杀的时代已经过去了。 来自教父部分
• Numberless recent massacres were still vivid in their recollection. 近来那些不可胜数的屠杀，在他们的头脑中记忆犹新。

14 rapes   

n.芸苔( rape的名词复数 )；强奸罪；强奸案；肆意损坏v.以暴力夺取，强夺( rape的第三人称单数 )；强奸

参考例句：

• The man who had committed several rapes was arrested. 那个犯了多起强奸案的男人被抓起来了。 来自辞典例句
• The incidence of reported rapes rose 0.8 percent. 美国联邦调查局还发布了两份特别报告。 来自互联网

15 heinous   

adj.可憎的，十恶不赦的

参考例句：

• They admitted to the most heinous crimes.他们承认了极其恶劣的罪行。
• I do not want to meet that heinous person.我不想见那个十恶不赦的人。

16 plight   

n.困境，境况，誓约，艰难；vt.宣誓，保证，约定

参考例句：

• The leader was much concerned over the plight of the refugees.那位领袖对难民的困境很担忧。
• She was in a most helpless plight.她真不知如何是好。

17 ERECTED   

adj. 直立的，竖立的，笔直的 vt. 使 ... 直立，建立

参考例句：

• A monument to him was erected in St Paul's Cathedral. 在圣保罗大教堂为他修了一座纪念碑。
• A monument was erected to the memory of that great scientist. 树立了一块纪念碑纪念那位伟大的科学家。

18 pervades   

v.遍及，弥漫( pervade的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• An unpleasant smell pervades the house. 一种难闻的气味弥漫了全屋。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• An atmosphere of pessimism pervades the economy. 悲观的气氛笼罩着整个经济。 来自辞典例句

19 resurgence   

n.再起，复活，再现

参考例句：

• A resurgence of his grief swept over Nim.悲痛又涌上了尼姆的心头。
• Police say drugs traffickers are behind the resurgence of violence.警方说毒贩是暴力活动重新抬头的罪魁祸首。

20 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

21 emeritus   

adj.名誉退休的

参考例句：

• "Perhaps I can introduce Mr.Lake Kirby,an emeritus professor from Washington University?"请允许我介绍华盛顿大学名誉教授莱克柯尔比先生。
• He will continue as chairman emeritus.他将会继续担任荣誉主席。

22 citizenship   

n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)

参考例句：

• He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
• Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。