研究：适量消极情绪有助提高工作能力(双语)

 　　Surprising new research suggests it can actually be good to feel bad at work, and that feeling good in the workplace can lead to negative outcomes。

　　The study of emotions in the workplace, edited by University of Liverpool researchers Drs. Dirk Lindebaum and Peter Jordan, is the topic of a Special Issue of the journal Human Relations。

　　They found that the commonly-held assumption that positivity in the workplace produces positive outcomes, while negative emotions lead to negative outcomes, may be in need for reconsideration. This is partly due to this assumption failing to take into account the differences in work contexts which effect outcomes。

　　For instance, anger does not always lead to negative outcomes and can be used as a force for good through acting¹ upon injustices³. In some cases, anger can be considered a force for good if motivated by perceived violations⁴ of moral standards。

　　An employee, for example, could express anger constructively⁵ after a manager has treated a fellow worker unfairly。

　　In such cases, anger can be useful to prevent these acts of injustice² from repeating themselves in the future。

　　Likewise, being too positive in the workplace, rather than resulting in greater well-being⁶ and greater productivity, can lead to complacency and superficiality。

　　新研究的惊人发现表明，实际上工作时的消极情绪能带来积极效果，而积极的情绪却可能导致消极结果。

　　由英国利物浦大学研究人员德克·林登鲍姆(Dirk Lindebaum)博士和彼得·乔丹(Peter Jordan)博士编撰的关于工作中情绪的研究是《人类关系》杂志的一期特刊话题。

　　他们发现，人们普遍认为工作中的积极情绪会产生积极结果，而消极情绪会导致消极结果，这种观点有待重新思考。其原因是这一观点没有充分考虑到工作环境中差异对结果产生的影响。

　　例如，愤怒并不总是带来消极结果，它还可以作为对待不公平现象的正义力量。在某些情况下，若因他人违反道德标准而激发的愤怒，会被认为是正义力量。

　　又如，经理以不公平的方式对待同事后，员工可以建设性地表达自己的愤怒。

　　在这种情况下，愤怒可以有效阻止此类不公平现象在未来重演。

　　同样，在工作中过于积极非但不能带来更好的工作表现及更高的效率，反而会导致自满和浅薄。One article within the issue also finds that, within team situations, negativity can have a good affect, leading to less consensus⁷ and therefore greater discussion amongst workers which enhances team effectiveness。

　　An interesting contradiction is identified in another study of the special issue. Here, people derive⁸ satisfaction from doing “good” in the context of helplines by providing support to people in times of emotional distress⁹。

　　However, they are negatively affected¹⁰ by their line of work due to people shunning¹¹ them in social situations (e.g., since they might catch the emotional taint¹² they attribute to the profession of the helpline workers)。

　　Lindebaum said, “The findings of the studies published in this Special Issue challenge the widely held assumption that in the workplace positive emotions generate or engender¹³ a positive outcome, and vice¹⁴ versa。

　　“This Special Issue adds to our knowledge and understanding of how the positive and negative dynamics¹⁵ affect the working environment and has practical application and relevance¹⁶ in the workplace。”

　　特刊中的一篇文章也发现，在团队协作中，消极情绪会产生良好的影响，共识较少的情况会使员工进行更为深入的探讨，从而提高团队的工作效率。

　　特刊中另一项研究指出了一个有趣的矛盾点。在这项研究中，通过热线服务电话为情绪低落者提供帮助的人，会因做“好事”获得满足感。

　　然而，由于人们在社交场合的回避，又使他们对这项工作产生消极情绪(例如，他们可能把捕捉情感缺陷归因于接线员这个职业)。

　　林登鲍姆(Lindebaum)说：“发表在特刊的研究发现挑战了人们的普遍观念，即在工作中积极情绪会产生积极结果，反之亦然。”

　　“通过这期特刊，我们更多地了解和认识了积极和消极动态如何影响工作氛围，同时对人们工作有着实际应用和关联。”

1 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

2 injustice   

n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利

参考例句：

• They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
• All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。

3 injustices   

不公平( injustice的名词复数 )； 非正义； 待…不公正； 冤枉

参考例句：

• One who committed many injustices is doomed to failure. 多行不义必自毙。
• He felt confident that his injustices would be righted. 他相信他的冤屈会受到昭雪的。

4 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

5 constructively   

ad.有益的，积极的

参考例句：

• Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom. 如此富有意义地利用业余时间来进行收藏，会使人怡然自得，无暇烦恼。
• The HKSAR will continue to participate constructively in these activities. 香港会继续积极参与这些活动。

6 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

7 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？

8 derive   

v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自

参考例句：

• We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
• We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。

9 distress   

n.苦恼，痛苦，不舒适；不幸；vt.使悲痛

参考例句：

• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
• Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。

10 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

11 shunning   

v.避开，回避，避免( shun的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• My flight was more a shunning of external and internal dangers. 我的出走是要避开各种外在的和内在的威胁。 来自辞典例句
• That book Yeh-yeh gave me-"On Filial Piety and the Shunning of Lewdness"-was still on the table. 我坐下来，祖父给我的那本《刘芷唐先生教孝戒淫浅训》还在桌子上。 来自汉英文学 - 家（1-26） - 家（1-26）

12 taint   

n.污点；感染；腐坏；v.使感染；污染

参考例句：

• Everything possible should be done to free them from the economic taint.应尽可能把他们从经济的腐蚀中解脱出来。
• Moral taint has spread among young people.道德的败坏在年轻人之间蔓延。

13 engender   

v.产生，引起

参考例句：

• A policy like that tends to engender a sense of acceptance,and the research literature suggests this leads to greater innovation.一个能够使员工产生认同感的政策，研究表明这会走向更伟大的创新。
• The sense of injustice they engender is a threat to economic and political security.它们造成的不公平感是对经济和政治安全的威胁。

14 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

15 dynamics   

n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态

参考例句：

• In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
• Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

16 relevance   

n.中肯，适当，关联，相关性

参考例句：

• Politicians' private lives have no relevance to their public roles.政治家的私生活与他们的公众角色不相关。
• Her ideas have lost all relevance to the modern world.她的想法与现代社会完全脱节。