特朗普 第一个在竞选中赚钱的总统候选人

 Donald J. Trump¹ regularly boasts that he is self-funding his presidential bid, but new campaign finance filings show that he is also shifting plenty of money back to himself in the process.

唐纳德·J·特朗普(Donald J. Trump)经常标榜自己开展总统竞选活动的资金是自筹的，但新的竞选财务报备文件显示，他还在这个过程中把大量资金返还给了自己。

According to documents submitted to the Federal Election Commission, Mr. Trump, whose campaign has just $1.3 million cash on hand, paid at least $1.1 million to his businesses and family members in May for expenses associated with events and travel costs. The total represents nearly a fifth of the $6 million that his campaign spent in the month.

提交给联邦选举委员会（Federal Election Commission，简称FEC）的文件显示，目前只有130万美元现金的特朗普竞选团队，今年5月向他的企业和家庭成员支付了至少110万美元，具体涉及参加活动的费用和差旅费。他的竞选团队在5月总支出600万美元，这笔钱在其中占了差不多五分之一。

特朗普 第一个在竞选中赚钱的总统候选人

The spending raised eyebrows² among campaign finance experts and some of Mr. Trump’s critics who have questioned whether the presumptive Republican nominee³, who points to his business acumen⁴ as a case for his candidacy, is trying to do what he has suggested he would in 2000 when he mulled making an independent run: “It’s very possible that I could be the first presidential candidate to run and make money on it.”

这些支出让竞选活动财务专家和特朗普的批评者皱起了眉头。共和党总统候选人特朗普把自己的商业头脑称为竞选优势，而批评者质疑他是否正在做他2000年时曾提到的事情，当时特朗普在考虑独立参加竞选，他说：“我非常有可能会成为第一个在竞选活动中赚到钱的总统候选人。”

“He could end up turning a profit if he repaid himself for the campaign loans,” said Paul S. Ryan, a campaign finance expert with the Campaign Legal Center. “He could get all his money back plus the profit margin⁵ for what his campaign has paid himself for goods and services.”

“如果他把竞选贷款偿还给自己，他可能最终就会盈利，”竞选法律中心(Campaign Legal Center)的高级顾问保罗·S·瑞安(Paul S. Ryan)说。“他可以拿回他所有的钱，外加竞选活动付钱购买他自己的商品和服务产生的利润。”

While most candidates list an array of vendors⁶ providing goods and services on their F.E.C. filings, Mr. Trump’s is packed with payments to his various clubs and buildings, his fleet of planes and his family. The self-proclaimed billionaire is required by law to account for his spending this way to prevent his companies from making illegal corporate⁷ donations to his campaign. In 2015, about $2.7 million was paid to at least seven companies Mr. Trump owns or to people who work for his real estate and branding empire, repaying them for services provided to his campaign.

大多数候选人在向FEC提交的文件中都列出了提供商品和服务的供应商名单，而特朗普的文件中写满了支付给他的各种俱乐部、物业、飞机和家人的钱。法律要求这位自称的亿万富翁以这种方式解释他的支出，以防他的公司非法向他的竞选活动提供企业捐款。在2015年，竞选团队支付了约270万美元给特朗普旗下的至少七家公司，或是给那些为他的地产和品牌帝国效力的人，用以购买相关的服务。

In May, the biggest-ticket item was Mr. Trump’s use of the Mar-a-Lago Club, his Florida resort, which was paid $423,000. The campaign paid $350,000 to TAG Air for his private airplanes, $125,000 to Trump Restaurants and more than $170,000 to Trump Tower, the Manhattan skyscraper⁸ that houses the campaign’s headquarters. 

今年5月，最大的一笔开支是特朗普使用他在佛罗里达的度假村“马阿拉歌庄园”(Mar-a-Lago)的费用，为42.3万美元。竞选团队还为他使用私人飞机支付了35万美元给TAG Air公司，向特朗普酒店(Trump Restaurants)支付12.5万美元，向曼哈顿的特朗普大厦(Trump Tower)支付逾17万美元；他的竞选总部就设在这栋大楼里。

Mr. Trump’s family also profited from the campaign last month, with his son Eric’s Virginia wine business taking in about $1,300.

特朗普的家人也从竞选活动中赚了钱，上个月，团队向他儿子艾瑞克(Eric)在弗吉尼亚经营的葡萄酒企业支付了1300美元。

And Mr. Trump, who has said he will not take a salary if he is elected president, paid himself $3,085 in May. The disbursements are related to travel expenses, according to the filings.

特朗普曾表示，如果自己当上总统，任职期间不会拿任何薪水，但5月份他给自己开了3085美元。从文件看，这笔钱和差旅费有关。

Mr. Ryan said that the extent to which Mr. Trump was utilizing⁹ his own businesses for his run was uNPRecedented¹⁰ and that because of his unique financial circumstances, he was wading¹¹ into territory that went beyond the F.E.C.’s guidance. 

瑞安说，特朗普在竞选活动中对自己的生意的利用是前所未有的，而且由于他独特的财务状况，这种做法超出了FEC的指导范围。

“We don’t have clear answers,” Mr. Ryan said. “Historically, candidates would separate themselves from their business interests when running for office. Trump has done the opposite by promoting his businesses while running for office.”

“我们没有明确的答案，”瑞恩说。“从历史上看，候选人在竞选公职的时候，会对自己的商业利益采取避嫌的做法。而特朗普恰恰相反，他竞选公职的时候还在推广自己的生意。”

While candidates often gain notoriety from running for president, they are barred from enriching themselves directly from their campaigns. When a campaign buys copies of a candidate’s book in bulk and distributes them, for example, the candidate cannot accept royalties¹² from the purchases. However, Mr. Ryan notes that the F.E.C. does allow candidates who own commercial property to rent it from themselves at fair market rates, as Mr. Trump has regularly done. Mr. Trump’s use of his branded water and steaks falls into something of a gray area. 

虽然竞选总统经常给竞选人招致恶名，但他们被禁止直接通过竞选活动中饱私囊。例如，如果竞选团队批量购买候选人写的书，分发它们，候选人不能从这种采购中获得版税。然而，瑞安指出，FEC确实允许那些拥有商业物业的候选人，以公平的市场价格，把它们出租给竞选活动，特朗普就常常这么做。特朗普使用自己品牌的饮用水和牛排的方式属于一种灰色地带。

Ciara Torres-Spelliscy, an election law expert at New York University’s Brennan Center for Justice, said that Mr. Trump did not appear to be violating any campaign finance laws, but that he could face more scrutiny¹³ over the use of his businesses for campaign purposes now that he is more explicitly¹⁴ asking supporters to donate money for to campaign.

席亚拉·托雷斯-斯拜里希(Ciara Torres-Spelliscy)是纽约大学布伦南正义中心(New York University’s Brennan Center for Justice)的选举法专家，她说，特朗普并未违反任何竞选财务法，但他现在更加明确地要求支持者捐钱给他的竞选活动了，所以他在竞选活动中使用自己的产品和服务就应该面临更多的关注。

“It is something to keep an eye on, because as soon as you start using campaign money that has come in from donors¹⁵, not just the money that he has loaned to himself, and he uses it for something that he will personally keep, or his family will personally keep, that is what crosses the line.” 

“这是值得注意的事情，因为一旦你开始使用来自捐助者的竞选资金，而不仅仅是你自己贷款给自己的钱，且用这些钱来购买自己或家人拥有的东西，那就越过了界限。”

Whether Mr. Trump could end up profiting from his campaign remains¹⁶ a subject of speculation¹⁷; some have questioned if he will eventually ask for the more than $40 million that he has lent to his campaign to be repaid. The eventual¹⁸ effect of the campaign on Mr. Trump’s personal brand, which he has said represents a large part of his wealth, also remains unclear.

人们仍在推测，特朗普是否最终可以从他的竞选活动中获利；他贷款给自己的竞选活动4000万美元，有人质疑他是否最终会要求连本带息地偿还这笔钱。特朗普曾表示，个人品牌是自己财富的很大一部分，而这场竞选对其个人品牌的最终影响目前也仍不清楚。

Democrats¹⁹ on Tuesday tried to seize on the payments Mr. Trump made to his businesses as evidence of hypocrisy²⁰. Commenters on the liberal website Daily Kos ridiculed²¹ Mr. Trump for running a “scampaign” and overstating the personal investment he was making in his campaign by funneling²² the money back to his empire.

民主党人周二试图抓住特朗普付钱给自己的企业这一点，证明他的虚伪。自由派网站Daily Kos上的评论者嘲笑特朗普“谋财骗选”(scampaign)，通过将资金输送回自己的商业帝国，夸大了自己对竞选的个人投资。

Hillary Clinton, the presumptive Democratic nominee and Mr. Trump’s main rival this fall, also piled on, taking to Twitter on Tuesday to jab him over the expenditures²³ and his relatively²⁴ paltry²⁵ fund-raising sum in one swipe. “What is Trump spending his meager²⁶ campaign resources on?” she said. “Why, himself, of course.”

特朗普在今年秋天的主要对手、稳获民主党总统提名的希拉里·克林顿(Hillary Clinton)也加入了进来，于周二在Twitter上针对他这些开支和相比之下微不足道的筹资额一并进行攻击。“特朗普把他微薄的竞选资源用在了什么地方？”她说。“呃，当然是他自己身上。”

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 eyebrows   

眉毛( eyebrow的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Eyebrows stop sweat from coming down into the eyes. 眉毛挡住汗水使其不能流进眼睛。
• His eyebrows project noticeably. 他的眉毛特别突出。

3 nominee   

n.被提名者；被任命者；被推荐者

参考例句：

• His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
• Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。

4 acumen   

n.敏锐，聪明

参考例句：

• She has considerable business acumen.她的经营能力绝非一般。
• His business acumen has made his very successful.他的商业头脑使他很成功。

5 margin   

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘

参考例句：

• We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

6 vendors   

n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 )；小贩；（房屋等的）卖主；卖方

参考例句：

• The vendors were gazundered at the last minute. 卖主在最后一刻被要求降低房价。
• At the same time, interface standards also benefIt'software vendors. 同时，界面标准也有利于软件开发商。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

7 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

8 skyscraper   

n.摩天大楼

参考例句：

• The skyscraper towers into the clouds.那幢摩天大楼高耸入云。
• The skyscraper was wrapped in fog.摩天楼为雾所笼罩。

9 utilizing   

v.利用，使用( utilize的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Utilizing an assembler to produce a machine-language program. 用汇编程序产生机器语言的过程。 来自辞典例句
• The study and use of devices utilizing properties of materials near absolute zero in temperature. 对材料在接近绝对零度时的特性进行研究和利用的学科。 来自辞典例句

10 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

11 wading   

（从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The man tucked up his trousers for wading. 那人卷起裤子，准备涉水。
• The children were wading in the sea. 孩子们在海水中走着。

12 royalties   

特许权使用费

参考例句：

• I lived on about £3,000 a year from the royalties on my book. 我靠着写书得来的每年约3，000英镑的版税生活。 来自辞典例句
• Payments shall generally be made in the form of royalties. 一般应采取提成方式支付。 来自经济法规部分

13 scrutiny   

n.详细检查，仔细观察

参考例句：

• His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好，但是经不起仔细检查。
• Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。

14 explicitly   

ad.明确地，显然地

参考例句：

• The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
• SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条，清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

15 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

17 speculation   

n.思索，沉思；猜测；投机

参考例句：

• Her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
• There is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。

18 eventual   

adj.最后的，结局的，最终的

参考例句：

• Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
• Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。

19 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 hypocrisy   

n.伪善，虚伪

参考例句：

• He railed against hypocrisy and greed.他痛斥伪善和贪婪的行为。
• He accused newspapers of hypocrisy in their treatment of the story.他指责了报纸在报道该新闻时的虚伪。

21 ridiculed   

v.嘲笑，嘲弄，奚落( ridicule的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Biosphere 2 was ultimately ridiculed as a research debade, as exfravagant pseudoscience. 生物圈2号最终被讥讽为科研上的大失败，代价是昂贵的伪科学。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She ridiculed his insatiable greed. 她嘲笑他的贪得无厌。 来自《简明英汉词典》

22 funneling   

[医]成漏斗形：描述膀胱底及膀胱尿道交接区

参考例句：

23 expenditures   

n.花费( expenditure的名词复数 )；使用；（尤指金钱的）支出额；（精力、时间、材料等的）耗费

参考例句：

• We have overspent.We'll have to let up our expenditures next month. 我们已经超支了，下个月一定得节约开支。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The pension includes an allowance of fifty pounds for traffic expenditures. 年金中包括50镑交通费补贴。 来自《简明英汉词典》

24 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

25 paltry   

adj.无价值的，微不足道的

参考例句：

• The parents had little interest in paltry domestic concerns.那些家长对家里鸡毛蒜皮的小事没什么兴趣。
• I'm getting angry;and if you don't command that paltry spirit of yours.我要生气了，如果你不能振作你那点元气。

26 meager   

adj.缺乏的，不足的，瘦的

参考例句：

• He could not support his family on his meager salary.他靠微薄的工资无法养家。
• The two men and the woman grouped about the fire and began their meager meal.两个男人同一个女人围着火，开始吃起少得可怜的午饭。