托福写作之浅谈综合写作

 　　根据托福OG有关综合写作的要求，评分标准主要为信息(information)和逻辑(organization)。这两点考察的就是我们对听力要点的把握能力，以及如何用简要的语言概括阅读稿和听力稿中的信息，并且层次清晰，要点明确。有的同学说，我听懂了，我直接写就好；有的说，我看懂了，但听懂了一部分，编下就行。其实不然。阅读稿看懂了，听力听懂了，只是一半。还需要将听力中的有效信息用自己的语言表达出来，并且也不能与阅读稿中的表达完全一致。

　　在这里我将综合听力需要锻炼的能力列为以下三点：

　　1. 阅读能力（快、准）

　　2. 听写和速记能力（不是简单词不记，是记重点名词、动词或短语）

　　3. 一定的改写能力（这个就是我们对于句型的运用，涉及句子表达准确性、语态、词的适当替换等）。

　　可能有的同学说听不懂，这里建议，如果练习听力，尽量用托福听力材料进行练习，因为托福听力材料内容信息量大，需要记的东西多，也能通过做题找到自己听力的盲区。如果托福听力能听懂了，托福综合写作的听力也没有问题了。

　　这里附上两篇学生写的综合写作范文。

　　TPO26

　　Inthe listening material, the professor made several points about the invasion ofthe zebra mussels can be stopped.

　　Firstof all, the reading passage states that the human transportation will cause theinvasion of the zabra mussels, while the professor contradicts that people cannotcontrol it in the past because of the lack of the knowledge. On the other hand,the ocean water will be taken by the ship to replace the freshwater, which maykill the mussels.

　　Moreover,the reading passage also mentions that if the mussels are taken to the newplace, they won't have predators¹, while the professor refutes that they candominate it just for a short time. They will be a new food source for birds, sothey can not dominant² in the end.

　　Furthermore,the reading passage then talks that the invasion of the mussels will cause thedecline in the fish population in its area, while the professor departs from itthat it is true that mussels have negative impact in plankton³. But for otherfish, mussels provide nutrition for fish at the bottom of the lake.

　　Thisis the entirely⁴ opposed to the writer's expectation.

　　TPO27

　　Inthis listening material, the professor states several points about global cooling caused by the Little Ice Age.

　　First,the reading material states that after the ocean currents melted, the glaciersproduce an enormous number of cold freshwater into the Gulf⁵ Stream. This actioninfluenced the earth’s climate strongly, while the professor in the listening material disagrees that the cooling water just affected⁶ Europe and parts ofNorth America, but it can’t explain global cooling, or the cooling in southernarea.

　　Second,the reading material says that the volcanic⁷ eruption⁸ caused the Little Ice Ageas they generate dark clouds with dust and sulfur⁹ gas into our atmosphere whichwill reduce the earth’s temperature. By contrast, the professor contradictsthat the volcanic eruption produce colorful clouds and gases, but those gasesare not strong enough to decrease the earth’s temperature.

　　Lastly,the reading material mentions that the decrease of human population affect theearth’s temperature indirectly¹⁰ because we no longer cut substantial number oftrees and let the forest grow freely, these trees absorb carbon dioxide andthat will reduce the earth’s temperature. However, the professor objects thatpeople still cut a large number of trees and the short cease of deforestationis not long enough to cause the global cooling.

1 predators   

n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 )；奴役他人者（尤指在财务或性关系方面）

参考例句：

• birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
• The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

3 plankton   

n.浮游生物

参考例句：

• Plankton is at the bottom of the marine food chain.浮游生物处于海洋食物链的最底层。
• The plankton in the sea feeds many kinds of animals. 海的浮游生物成为很多种动物的食物。

4 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

5 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

6 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

7 volcanic   

adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的

参考例句：

• There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
• Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。

8 eruption   

n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发；（疾病等）发作

参考例句：

• The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC.庙宇在公元前1470年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了。
• The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous.火山的爆发是自发的。

9 sulfur   

n.硫，硫磺（=sulphur）

参考例句：

• Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain.炼钢厂排放出的硫形成了酸雨。
• Burning may produce sulfur oxides.燃烧可能会产生硫氧化物。

10 indirectly   

adv.间接地，不直接了当地

参考例句：

• I heard the news indirectly.这消息我是间接听来的。
• They were approached indirectly through an intermediary.通过一位中间人，他们进行了间接接触。