文化:这些常用的英文名背后有什么故事?

 　　If you're trying to learn more about your family, there's probably no better place to start looking than your name!

　　如果你想多多了解自己的家族，或许最好的方法就是从你自己的姓名入手！

　　While there are plenty of exceptions, closely studying your name can reveal all sorts of fascinating nostalgic info about your family's past, information to be treasured and passed down.

　　在大多数情况下，深入研究自己的姓名，你会发现有关自己家族历史的各种知识，这些知识值得被珍视、被传承下去。

　　Name #1: Lewis

　　姓名1：刘易斯

　　You don't want to mess with someone named Lewis!

　　你可不想跟一个叫刘易斯的人起冲突！

　　It's a name most often associated with Meriwether Lewis, one of the explorers to set off across the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

　　这个名字在人们的记忆中常常和梅里韦瑟·刘易斯这个人联系在一起，这是一个曾在1803年纵横在美属路易斯安那州土地上的探险家。

　　It means "renowned¹ warrior," and comes from the ancient Norman name Lowis.

　　刘易斯这个名字的词源是古老的诺曼名字Lowis，意为“赫赫有名的武士”。

　　Name #2: Allen

　　姓名2：艾伦

　　If you have an Allen or two on your family tree, you're probably quite the looker!

　　如果你的家族中有一、两个名叫艾伦的人，那么你一定长得挺好看！

　　This name, which traces its roots back to the British Isles², is derived³ from the Celtic name Aluinn, which means "handsome." Not a bad genetic⁴ legacy⁵ if you ask us!

　　这个名字的词源可以追溯到英伦群岛，来自凯尔特语Aluinn，意味“英俊的”，这可是个不错的基因传统哟！

　　Name #3: Cooper

　　名字3：库珀

　　A cooper is someone who makes barrels, which was a very popular line of work back in the day, especially during the age of exploration —during which time sailors and travelers relied on barrels to keep their food and precious supply of fresh water safe.

　　名叫库珀的人曾经是做酒桶圈的工匠，这个行当在过去是一个非常流行的行业，特别是在地理大发现的时代——在那个时候，海员和旅行家都是依靠酒桶来储存食物和珍贵的淡水资源。

　　Name #4: Russell

　　姓名4：卢梭

　　It mostly likely comes from the Old French word ros, meaning "red."

　　这个词最可能的来源是法语旧词ros，意思是“红色”。

　　Russell is a descriptor for someone with red hair or reddish skin.

　　卢梭这个名字是形容人有红色的头发或泛红的肤色。

　　Name #5: Perry

　　名字5：佩里

　　It's an English name meaning "one who dwells by a pear tree."

　　这是个英语名字，意思是“住在梨树旁边的人”。

　　Name #6: Campbell

　　姓名6：坎贝尔

　　It's a Scottish name that derives⁶ from two words that together mean "crooked⁷ mouth" or "wry⁸ mouth."

　　这个苏格兰名字来源于两个词源，合起来意为“撇嘴”，或者“歪嘴”。

　　The term was used as a nickname for people forever cracking sarcastic⁹ jokes.

　　这个名字是一个诨名，意指那些常常开玩笑讽刺别人的人。

　　Name #7: Clark

　　姓名7：克拉克

　　If your last name is Clark, you're probably from a very brainy family!

　　如果你的姓氏是克拉克，那么你的家族成员一定智商过人！

　　That's because the name Clark is very closely related to the word "clerk;" both are English derivations of a Latin word meaning "scribe or scholar."

　　因为克拉克这个名字与“书记员”这个词紧密相关，这两个词都是拉丁词“抄写员或者学者”的英语变体词。

1 renowned   

adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的

参考例句：

• He is one of the world's renowned writers.他是世界上知名的作家之一。
• She is renowned for her advocacy of human rights.她以提倡人权而闻名。

2 isles   

岛( isle的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the geology of the British Isles 不列颠群岛的地质
• The boat left for the isles. 小船驶向那些小岛。

3 derived   

vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

5 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

6 derives   

v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• English derives in the main from the common Germanic stock. 英语主要源于日耳曼语系。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He derives his income from freelance work. 他以自由职业获取收入。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 crooked   

adj.弯曲的；不诚实的，狡猾的，不正当的

参考例句：

• He crooked a finger to tell us to go over to him.他弯了弯手指，示意我们到他那儿去。
• You have to drive slowly on these crooked country roads.在这些弯弯曲曲的乡间小路上你得慢慢开车。

8 wry   

adj.讽刺的；扭曲的

参考例句：

• He made a wry face and attempted to wash the taste away with coffee.他做了个鬼脸，打算用咖啡把那怪味地冲下去。
• Bethune released Tung's horse and made a wry mouth.白求恩放开了董的马，噘了噘嘴。

9 sarcastic   

adj.讥讽的，讽刺的，嘲弄的

参考例句：

• I squashed him with a sarcastic remark.我说了一句讽刺的话把他给镇住了。
• She poked fun at people's shortcomings with sarcastic remarks.她冷嘲热讽地拿别人的缺点开玩笑。