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New York Museum Displays Iraqi Jewish History 纽约博物馆显示伊拉克犹太历史
Hello and welcome back to the program designed tohelp you learn and improve your American English. I’mJim Tedder1 in Washington. Today we are going tomake some money! We will visit a place not far from the VOA studios to find out how U.S. paper money ismade. We will also learn how officials protect the realmoney from being imitated by counterfeiters.
您好，欢迎回到设计的方案，以便帮助您学习和提高你的美国英语。I'mJim特德在华盛顿。今天我们要tomake一些钱！我们将参观一个地方美国之音工作室不远处找到了美国如何纸币ismade。我们还将学习如何官员保护realmoney被模仿者造假。
But first, the story of some things that may be morevaluable than money to some people who once lived inIraq.
但首先，一些事情可能会morevaluable比金钱对某些人谁曾住inIraq的故事。
Maurice Shohet is looking through a box filled with oldblack-and-white photos. The pictures recall his days inBaghdad, Iraq. Mr. Shohet grew up in the Iraqi capitalamong one of the world’s oldest Jewish communities. About 150,000 Jews once lived in Iraq.
莫里斯Shohet期待通过一个盒子，里面装满oldblack与白的照片。这些照片还记得他的日子inBaghdad，伊拉克。Shohet先生在伊拉克capitalamong世界上最古老的犹太社区之一长大。大约15万犹太人曾经住在伊拉克。
The photos show family celebrations including weddings and bar-mitzvahs –coming of age ceremonies. In one picture, he and his mother and brothers are in a rowboat floating on the waters of the Tigris River.
该照片显示，家庭庆祝活动，包括婚礼和酒吧，成人礼，未来的成人仪式。在一张照片中，他和他的母亲和兄弟都在划艇浮在底格里斯河的水域。
The Shohet family fled Iraq in 1970 after Jews became unwelcome in thecountry. They left on foot at night during the rule of Saddam Hussein’s BaathParty. But Mr. Shohet still praises his former nation.
该Shohet家人逃离伊拉克在1970年后，犹太人成为不受欢迎的thecountry。他们离开了步行，晚上萨达姆·侯赛因的BaathParty统治时期。但Shohet先生仍然称赞他的前国家。
“I love Iraq because I was born and raised there. And the people arewonderful. We cannot equate3 what happened at the time by the Baath regimeas reflecting everybody.”
“我爱伊拉克，因为我出生并在那里长大。百姓arewonderful。我们不能等同于发生了什么事在当时的阿拉伯复兴社会regimeas反映了大家。“
Mr. Shohet loaned his book of family photos to go with an exhibit seen first at the National Archives in Washington. The exhibit of religious books andcommunity documents now is in the National Museum of Jewish Heritage4 inNew York City.
Shohet先生借给他的书的家庭照片去与在华盛顿的国家档案馆看到的第一个展览。宗教书籍andcommunity文件的展览现在在犹太遗产于纽约市的国立博物馆。
American soldiers looking for nuclear weapons discovered the objects in theflooded lowest floor of the Mukhabarat. That agency served as SaddamHussein’s intelligence service.
美国士兵在寻找核武器发现在情报机构的theflooded最底层的对象。该机构担任SaddamHussein的情报服务。
More than 2,700 books and documents were recovered from the Mukhabaratheadquarters. They included many pieces from the Torah, the first five booksof Jewish scriptures5, or writings. The soldiers found a case for the holy book.
2700多书籍和文件从Mukhabaratheadquarters被收回。其中包括多件从律法，第一个五年booksof犹太经文，或著作。士兵们发现了圣书的情况。
They discovered documents as old as the 16th century. Many were publishedin Baghdad. But some came from faraway places like Venice.
他们发现文件一样古老的16世纪。许多人结果发表巴格达。但一些来自遥远的地方，比如威尼斯。
The soldiers who rescued the objects found them wet and with pages stucktogether and covered with mold. Doris Hamburg directed the effort to savethe objects. She said they had to be frozen6 immediately. And even thoughwar was taking place around them, the rescuers found a freezer vehicle.
谁救的对象士兵们发现他们的湿和stucktogether，上面覆盖着模具的网页。多丽丝汉堡执导的努力savethe对象。她说，他们必须立即冷冻。甚至thoughwar正在发生在他们身边，救援人员发现了一个冰柜的车辆。
“They were able, believe it or not, to find a freezer truck in these very difficultcircumstances ((in this difficult situation.))”
“他们能够，不管你信不信，发现冷冻卡车在这些非常difficultcircumstances（（在这种困难的情况下。））”
The documents are to be shipped to Iraq this year after they are repaired andrestored. The U.S. State Department says it has trained Iraqi archivists tomake sure the collection is protected in Baghdad. But Iraqi Jews living in theUnited States say the American government had no right to promise to returnthe objects.
该文件将被运往伊拉克今年他们被修复后andrestored。美国国务院说，它已经培训伊拉克档案馆tomake确保集合是保护在巴格达。但伊拉克的犹太人生活在theUnited美国说，美国政府无权承诺returnthe对象。
Iraq’s ambassador7 offered to delay the return of the objects. He made theproposal to the Jewish Daily Forward.
伊拉克驻华大使提出推迟对象的回报。他做了theproposal犹太前进日报。
But for Maurice Shohet, that is not enough. He says Iraqi Jews were neverasked about the agreement. He says the objects were taken from the Jewishpeople, and still belong to them.
但莫里斯Shohet，这是不够的。他说，伊拉克的犹太人被neverasked有关协议。他说，对象取自Jewishpeople，仍然是属于他们的。
“So it has to be returned to the community, since there is no (Jewish)community left in Iraq. Only five people (are left) who are afraid even to meeteach other.”
“因此，要归还给社会，因为没有（犹太人）社区留在伊拉克。只有五人（留）谁是害怕甚至meeteach其他。“
The exhibit of religious books and community documents at the NationalMuseum of Jewish Heritage in New York City will be open until May 18th of thisyear.
宗教书籍及社区文档在犹太传统在纽约市的国家博物馆的展览将开放至thisyear的5月18日。
Let's Make a Lot of Money
让的赚钱的地段
American dollars are popular both in the United States and around the world. For more than a century and a half, the U.S. Department of the Treasury8 hasworked to make sure that the bank notes are real. The department wantspeople to know their currency, their paper money, has value.
美国美元是流行无论是在美国和世界各地。超过一个半世纪，财政部美系hasworked，以确保该纸币是真实的。该部门wantspeople知道自己的货币，自己的纸币，都有价值。
The Bureau of Engraving9 and Printing is part of the Department of theTreasury. The Bureau designs and produces millions of U.S. paper banknotes at two centers. One is in Texas and the other is here in Washington, D.C. The Bureau is among the largest printing operations of money in theworld.
雕刻与印刷局是theTreasury部的一部分。局设计和生产百万美元钞票纸的两个中心。一个是在得克萨斯州，另一个是在华盛顿特区局是钱在世界之窗最大的印刷操作中。
The agency was established in 1862 during the Civil War. At the time,Abraham Lincoln, America’s sixteenth president, was in office.
该机构是在南北战争期间成立于1862年。当时，亚伯拉罕·林肯，美国第十六任总统，在任。
Today, Bureau director Larry Felix says creating a bank note from start tofinish requires a number of steps and systems.
如今，科主任拉里·费利克斯说，从开始tofinish创建钞票需要许多步骤和系统。
“It looks like ink on paper. And it is ink on paper. But there are anextraordinary amount of systems that are on that bank note.”
“它看起来像在纸上的墨水。它是在纸上的墨水。但也有认为是该钞票系统anextraordinary量。“
The background color is put on during the first part of the process. Forexample, the Bureau’s off-set printing machines put the blue eagle, and theorange and green colors on the background of a $20 bill.
该过程的第一部分期间的背景颜色被穿上。Forexample，工商局抵销印刷机把蓝色的鹰，和theorange和绿色的20元钞票的背景。
Next, the notes are pressed onto plates containing ink and engraving. A kindof design called Intaglio10 is used for pictures, numbers and lettering. These andother additions are different for the bank notes of differing value.
其次，票据压到含墨和雕刻板。一个kindof设计堪称凹版印刷用于图片，数字和字母。这些及其他制加法是不同的纸币不同的价值。
Just about anyone who produces a bank note wants to put Intaglio on thatnote. It gives bank notes a distinctive11 touch and feel.
谁产生钞票几乎每个人都希望把凹版上thatnote。它给银行票据独特的触摸和感觉。
“The United States puts more intaglio on than almost any other countrybecause we put Intaglio in the front and on the back.”
“美国将更多的凹版上几乎比我们把凹版印刷在前面和背面的任何其他countrybecause。”
The next step involves the letter-press printing process. In this process, numbers and seals of the money areadded.
下一步涉及的信按下打印处理。在这个过程中，钱数和密封areadded。
“So we put these features in these notes to assistpeople, to make sure that they can tell if the note isreal. And every step of the way it also helps machinesto identify if that note is real or not.”
“因此，我们把这些功能在这些笔记assistpeople，以确保他们可以告诉倘票据伊斯雷尔。和每一步的方式还有助于machinesto确定是否该注意的是真的还是假的。“
He says the Bureau is always guarding against threatsof counterfeit2, or false, notes. He says the Bureau hasdesigned special ways to protect the bank notes. These methods use digitaland other developing technologies.
他说，该局始终防范threatsof伪造或虚假的，笔记。他说，局hasdesigned特殊的方式来保护钞票。这些方法使用digitaland其他发展中国家的技术。
Mr. Felix says there is no such thing as a note that cannot be madecounterfeit. But he says the counterfeit notes in use amount to less than oneone-hundredth of one percent.
费利克斯先生说，有没有这样的东西作为一个音符无法madecounterfeit。但他说，在使用量伪钞不到oneone百岁的百分之一。
U. S. Treasurer12 Rosie Rios agrees that the percentage of false notes incirculation is very small. But she says the government continues to redesignAmerican currency to prevent counterfeit.
美国财长罗茜·里奥斯同意，假票据incirculation的比例是非常小的。但她说，政府将继续redesignAmerican货币，以防止假冒。
Ms. Rios pointed13 to the example of the $100 note. The note was recentlydesigned with a special security feature.
里奥斯女士指出，以100美元的笔记的例子。该说明recentlydesigned一个特殊的安全功能。
“One of the first things you notice about this new $100 bill is that it has thisblue, 3-D security ribbon.”
“其中一个你注意到这个新的100美元的钞票的第一件事情是，它有thisblue，3-D安全丝带。”
The ribbon and other new security additions make it easier for the public tomake sure that the note is real. And they make it harder for criminals tocounterfeit.
色带和其他新的安全增添使它更容易为公众tomake确保该说明是真实的。他们让歹徒tocounterfeit。
“U.S. currency is trusted worldwide. People recognize it. So we want to makesure that we produce something that’s trusted, that’s secure, that’s safe andpeople can continue to use in the future.”
“美国货币备受全球信赖。人们认识它。因此，我们要makesure我们生产的东西是值得信赖的，这是安全的，这是安全的andpeople可以在将来继续使用。“
Rosie Rios’ job includes watching over both the Bureau of Engraving andPrinting and the U.S. Mint14. They are separate agencies within the TreasuryDepartment. The Mint produces coins – metal money.
罗茜·里奥斯'的工作，包括在注视着雕刻andPrinting两局和美国铸币局。他们是TreasuryDepartment内不同的机构。造币厂生产的硬币 - 金属货币。
A copy of Ms. Rios’ signature appears on every American note.
的里奥斯女士的签名副本出现在每一个美国人注意。
Before we leave you, we’d like to help out a listener who wanted to know thehistory of dental floss. It seems that in the early 1800’s, a dentist named LeviSpear Parmly from New Orleans, Louisiana, told his patients to use a thin silkthread in order to better clean around their teeth and gums. Dentists in the U.S. still recommend brushing and flossing your teeth every day.
在我们离开你，我们想帮帮忙谁想要知道thehistory牙线的侦听器。看来，在1800年初，一个名为LeviSpearParmly来自新奥尔良，路易斯安那州的牙医告诉他的病人使用薄silkthread为了更好地围绕清洁他们的牙齿和牙龈??。美国牙医还是建议刷牙和使用牙线牙齿每一天。
?That’s all for now, but stay tuned15 because more Learning English programsare headed your way. And there is world news at the beginning of each houron VOA. I’m Jim Tedder in Washington.
这是所有的现在，但敬请关注，因为更多的英语学习programsare为首自己的方式。并且有国际新闻在每个houronVOA的开始。我是吉姆·特德在华盛顿举行。
收听单词发音 |
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tedder
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| n.（干草）翻晒者，翻晒机 | |
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counterfeit
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| vt.伪造，仿造；adj.伪造的，假冒的 | |
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equate
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| v.同等看待，使相等 | |
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heritage
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| n.传统，遗产，继承物 | |
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scriptures
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| 经文，圣典( scripture的名词复数 )； 经典 | |
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frozen
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| adj.冻结的，冰冻的 | |
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ambassador
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| n.大使，特使，（派驻国际组织的）代表 | |
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treasury
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| n.宝库；国库，金库；文库 | |
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engraving
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| n.版画；雕刻（作品）；雕刻艺术；镌版术v.在（硬物）上雕刻（字，画等）( engrave的现在分词 )；将某事物深深印在（记忆或头脑中） | |
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intaglio
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| n.凹版雕刻；v.凹雕 | |
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distinctive
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| adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的 | |
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treasurer
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| n.司库，财务主管 | |
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pointed
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| adj.尖的，直截了当的 | |
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mint
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| n.薄荷，铸币厂；vt.铸造（硬币），创造（词）等 | |
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tuned
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| adj.调谐的，已调谐的v.调音( tune的过去式和过去分词 )；调整；（给收音机、电视等）调谐；使协调 | |
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