VOA时事新闻2023 乌克兰和缅甸的地雷受害者数量增加

乌克兰和缅甸的地雷受害者数量增加

An international report shows increased use of landmines² in Ukraine and Myanmar led to sharp rises in casualties in those countries last year.

一份国际报告显示，乌克兰和缅甸地雷使用量的增加导致去年这两个国家的伤亡人数急剧上升。

International Campaign to Ban Landmines created the report, called Landmine¹ Monitor 2023.

国际禁止地雷运动发布了这份名为《2023年地雷监测》的报告。

The Switzerland-based group provides research and monitoring services on world land mine use.

这个总部位于瑞士的组织提供有关世界地雷使用情况的研究和监测服务。

The group is a coalition³ of non-governmental organizations supported by the group Human Rights Watch.

该组织是由人权观察组织支持的非政府组织共同组成的联盟。

The devices studied in the report are known as anti-personnel mines.

报告中研究的装置被称为杀伤人员地雷。

This means the mines are built to target humans, not tanks or other military equipment.

意思是这些地雷的目标是人类，而不是坦克或其他军事装备。

The report states that Russia "used antipersonnel mines extensively in Ukraine since its all-out invasion of the country in February 2022."

报告称，俄罗斯“自2022年2月全面入侵乌克兰以来，在乌克兰大量使用了杀伤人员地雷”。

The document notes Russia is not part of an international treaty that bans the use of antipersonnel landmines.

该文件指出，俄罗斯没有签署禁止使用杀伤人员地雷的国际条约。

The anti-personnel mine ban agreement was completed in 1997.

1997年通过了《禁止杀伤人员地雷公约》。

The United States is not a party to it.

美国不是该条约的缔约国。

The report also found evidence that Ukraine, which is part of the mine ban treaty, had used anti-personnel mines in and around the cities of Izium and Kharkiv.

报告还发现，有证据表明，签署该禁雷公约的乌克兰曾在伊久姆和哈尔科夫及其周边地区使用杀伤人员地雷。

It said the mines were found as Russian forces battled Ukrainian troops in the areas.

该报告称，这些地雷是在俄罗斯军队与乌克兰军队在该地区交战时发现的。

The Campaign to Ban Landmines recorded 4,710 injuries and deaths in 2022 around the world.

根据国际禁止地雷运动的记录，2022年全球有4710人伤亡。

This was down from 5,544 casualties in the year before.

这比前一年的5544人有所下降。

But in Ukraine, the number of civilian⁴ casualties from landmines went from 60 in 2021 to about 600 in 2022.

但在乌克兰，地雷造成的平民伤亡人数从2021年的60人增加到2022年的约600人。

Mark Hiznay is with Human Rights Watch and helped write the new report.

马克·希兹奈供职于人权观察组织，帮助撰写了这份新报告。

He expressed concern about Russia's use of landmines in its military operations in Ukraine.

他对俄罗斯在针对乌克兰的军事行动中使用地雷表示担忧。

Hiznay said it was the first time since the mine ban treaty was approved that a country that is not part of the treaty, Russia, had used such weapons against a treaty member, Ukraine.

希兹奈说，这是自禁雷公约获得批准以来，非该条约缔约国俄罗斯首次对该条约缔约国乌克兰使用此类武器。

Hiznay said Russia began using landmines in 2014 in support of pro-Russian separatist forces in the disputed Donbas area of eastern Ukraine.

希兹奈说，俄罗斯从2014年开始在乌克兰东部有争议的顿巴斯地区使用地雷，以支持亲俄分裂势力。

"Russia has made extensive use of landmines in places like Afghanistan and Chechnya," he said.

他说：“俄罗斯在阿富汗和车臣等地大量使用地雷”。

Hiznay said he believed Russia had supplied 35 or 38 different countries with landmines over the years.

希兹奈说，他认为俄罗斯多年来向35或38个不同国家提供了地雷。

Ukraine has said it would look into accusations⁵ from a Human Rights Watch report.

乌克兰表示，其将调查人权观察组织报告中的指控。

The report provided details of "numerous cases" of Ukrainian forces deploying⁶ banned anti-personnel mines in its war with Russia.

该报告详细说明了乌克兰军队在与俄罗斯的战争中部署被禁杀伤人员地雷的“许多案例”。

The report said 85 percent of casualties from landmines and "exploded remnants of war" last year were civilians⁷.

报告称，去年地雷和“战争遗留爆炸物”造成的伤亡者中有85%是平民。

About half of the casualties were children.

大约一半的伤亡者是儿童。

The highest number of casualties, 834, was recorded in Syria in 2022.

伤亡人数最多的是2022年叙利亚的834人。

This was followed by Ukraine with 608 casualties, and Yemen and Myanmar, which each recorded more than 500 casualties in 2022.

紧随其后的是乌克兰，伤亡人数为608人，也门和缅甸在2022年的伤亡人数均超过500人。

In Myanmar, Hiznay said the government has been using anti-personnel landmines since 1999.

希兹奈说，缅甸政府自1999年以来一直在使用杀伤人员地雷。

But that changed in recent years.

但近年来情况发生了变化。

"It is just bigger," Hiznay said.

希兹奈说：“地雷使用量更大了”。

"You have more use by the government forces and more use by various non-state armed groups."

“缅甸政府军和各种非国家武装组织的地雷使用量都在加大。”

Currently, 164 countries have signed onto the mine ban treaty, which bars the use, storage, production, and transport of anti-personnel mines.

目前，已有164个国家签署了禁止使用、储存、生产和运输杀伤人员地雷的《禁止杀伤人员地雷公约》。

The report said 30 states who are part of the treaty have cleared all mined areas from their territory since the treaty came into force.

报告称，自该公约生效以来，30个缔约国已经清除了其领土上的所有雷区。

1 landmine   

n.地雷

参考例句：

• A landmine is a kind of weapon used in war.地雷是一种运用于战争的武器。
• The treaty bans the use,production and trade of landmine.那条约禁止使用生产和交易雷。

2 landmines   

潜在的冲突； 地雷，投伞水雷( landmine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The treaty bans the use production and trade of landmines. 该条约规定，禁止使用地雷相关产品及贸易。
• One of the weapon's of special concern was landmines. 在引起人们特别关注的武器中就有地雷。

3 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

4 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

5 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

6 deploying   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的现在分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Provides support for developing and deploying distributed, component-based applications. 为开发和部署基于组件的分布式应用程序提供支持。
• Advertisement, publishing, repair, and install-on-demand are all available when deploying your application. 在部署应用程序时提供公布、发布、修复和即需即装功能。

7 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。