VOA新闻杂志2023 挪威作家约恩·福瑟获诺贝尔文学奖

挪威作家约恩·福瑟获诺贝尔文学奖

The Swedish Academy¹ awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Literature to a Norwegian known for considering life's "basic choices" in his 40 years of work.

瑞典文学院将今年的诺贝尔文学奖授予了一位挪威作家，他以用40年创作的作品思考人生的“基本选择”而闻名。

Sixty-four-year-old Jon Fosse was first published in the 1980s and became well known in the 1990s.

现年64岁的约恩·福瑟于20世纪80年代出版发行处女作，在20世纪90年代成名。

His works² include a play called Someone Is Going to Come which was performed to praise in Paris in 1999.

他的作品包括1999年在巴黎上演的戏剧《有人将至》。

Later, he wrote a series of books called the Septology, which he finished in 2021.

后来，他写了“七部曲”，并于2021年完成。

The last part of Septology, called A New Name, was a finalist for the Booker Prize in 2022.

“七部曲”最后一部《新的名字》入围了2022年的布克奖。

Fosse created plays, books and children's books.

福瑟创作戏剧、书籍和儿童读物。

He also worked on a translation of the Bible³ into Norwegian.

他还致力于将《圣经》翻译成挪威语。

He is known for writing in the Nynorsk language, which is understandable to all Norwegians.

他以用所有挪威人都能理解的新挪威语写作而闻名。

But it is used by only 10 percent of the nation's 5.4 million people.

但在全国540万人口中，只有10%的人使用它。

Swedish Academy member Anders Olsson said Fosse's work has had a "universal impact⁴."

瑞典学院成员安德斯·奥尔森说，福瑟的作品已经产生了“普遍的影响”。

The Academy also called his work "innovative⁵" and noted⁶ his ability to "give voice to the unsayable."

该学院还称他的作品“具有创新性”，并指出他有能力“让无法言说之事物发声”。

The group explained that his books discuss life's "deepest feelings" about things like life and death.

该组织解释说，他的书讨论了生活中对生死等事情的“最深感受”。

Fosse said he had been thinking he might be awarded the prize for the last 10 years, but he was still surprised to get the phone call on Thursday.

福瑟说，在过去的10年里，他一直认为自己可能会获得诺贝尔奖，但周四接到电话时，他仍然感到惊讶。

He told a Swedish broadcaster: "I've been part of the discussion⁷ for 10 years and have...prepared myself for 10 years that it could happen."

他告诉一家瑞典电视台：“我参与讨论已经有10年了，我已经为可能会获奖准备了10年了。”

He told a Norwegian broadcaster he has no more prizes left to win. "Everything will be downhill from now on."

他告诉一家挪威电视台，他已经没有奖可以赢得了。“从现在开始，一切都将会走下坡路。”

He noted that he started writing as a boy and his first work came out 40 years ago.

他指出，他从小就开始写作，40年前他的第一部作品出版。

"I don't plan to compete with myself," he said.

他说：“我不打算和自己竞争”。

The writer added he will celebrate the prize "calmly" with his family.

这位作家补充说，他将会与家人“平静地”庆祝他获得诺贝尔奖。

Fosse said 1969 Nobel literature prize-winner Samuel Beckett of Ireland influenced his writing style.

福瑟说，1969年诺贝尔文学奖得主、爱尔兰作家塞缪尔·贝克特影响了他的写作风格。

Beckett wrote the play Waiting for Godot.

贝克特写了戏剧《等待戈多》。

Guy Puzey is a teacher of Scandinavian studies at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland⁸.

盖伊·普齐是苏格兰爱丁堡大学斯堪的纳维亚研究专业的老师。

He called Fosse's writing "sparse⁹" and said his "simple expressions...take on a lot deeper meaning..."

他称福瑟的写作“简朴”，并表示他的“表达方式简单……但具有更深层次的含义……”

The Associated Press notes critics might call Fosse a "safe" choice for his "highbrow" writing only known to people in "small literary¹⁰ circles."

美联社指出，评论家可能会说福瑟是一个“安全”的选择，因为他的“高雅”作品只为“小文学圈”的人所知。

The Academy has been criticized¹¹ for being too centered on men from Northern Europe and North America.

该学院因把大部分奖项授予北欧和北美的男性而受到批评。

That includes criticism¹² from Annie Ernaux, last year's winner.

其中包括去年的获奖者安妮·埃尔诺的批评。

Only 17 of 119 winners have been women.

119名获奖者中只有17名是女性。

Recent winners who have been popular writers include Mario Vargas Llosa of Peru, Kazuo Ishiguro of Japan, and Alice Munro of Canada.

最近的获奖者包括著名作家秘鲁的马里奥·巴尔加斯·略萨、日本的石黑一雄和加拿大的艾丽斯·芒罗。

The Academy got a lot of attention for choosing American musician Bob Dylan in 2016.

该学院因在2016年将文学奖授予美国音乐家鲍勃·迪伦而备受关注。

Supporters say recent winners, including Dylan, show that the Nobel committee is interested in writers who are both popular and praised by critics.

支持者表示，包括迪伦在内的最近的获奖者表明诺贝尔委员会对既受欢迎又受到评论家赞扬的作家感兴趣。

Fosse's publisher says his work has been translated into 40 languages and his plays have been produced over 1,000 times.

福瑟的出版商表示，他的作品已经被翻译成40种语言，他的戏剧已经被制作了1000多次。

And he is the fourth Norwegian to win the prize but the first since 1928.

他是第四位获得该奖项的挪威人，但却是自1928年以来的第一位。

Fosse will receive a gold medal and about $1 million at the Nobel prize award ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden, on December 10.

福瑟将于12月10日在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上领取到一枚金牌和约100万美元奖金。

1 academy   

n.(高等)专科院校；学术社团，协会，研究院

参考例句：

• This is an academy of music.这是一所音乐专科学院。
• I visited Chinese Academy of Sciences yesterday.我昨天去访问了中国科学院。

2 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

3 bible   

n.《圣经》；得到权威支持的典籍

参考例句：

• According to the Bible we are all the seed of Adam.根据《圣经》所说的，我们都是亚当的后裔。
• This dictionary should be your Bible when studying English.学习英语时，这本字典应是你的主要参考书。

4 impact   

n.冲击，碰撞；影响；vt.装紧，压紧

参考例句：

• The computer had made a great impact on modern life.计算机对现代生活产生了巨大的影响.
• How will the war impact on such a poet?战争对这样一个诗人会产生什么影响？

5 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

6 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

7 discussion   

n.讨论，谈论；论述

参考例句：

• It is certain he will come to the discussion.他肯定会来参加讨论。
• After months of discussion,a peace agreement is gradually taking shape.经过几个月的商讨，和平协议渐渐有了眉目。

8 Scotland   

n.苏格兰

参考例句：

• He has been hiking round Scotland for a month.他围着苏格兰徒步旅行了一个月。
• Scotland is to the north of England.苏格兰在英格兰之北。

9 sparse   

adj.稀疏的，稀稀落落的，薄的

参考例句：

• The teacher's house is in the suburb where the houses are sparse.老师的家在郊区，那里稀稀拉拉有几处房子。
• The sparse vegetation will only feed a small population of animals.稀疏的植物只够喂养少量的动物。

10 literary   

adj.文学（上）的

参考例句：

• Literary works of this kind are well received by the masses.这样的文学作品很受群众欢迎。
• The book was favourably noticed in literary magazines.这本书在文学杂志上得到好评。

11 criticized   

vt.批评(criticize的过去式)v.评论，批评( criticize的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The decision was criticized by environmental groups. 这个决定受到了环保团体的批评。
• The movie has been criticized for apparently legitimizing violence. 这部电影因明显地美化暴力而受到了指责。

12 criticism   

n.批评，批判，指责；评论，评论文章

参考例句：

• Some youth today do not allow any criticism at all.现在有些年轻人根本指责不得。
• It is wrong to turn a deaf ear to other's criticism.对别人的批评充耳不闻是错误的。