美支持达尔福尔犯罪起诉，但不是在国际刑事法庭

 

US Backs Darfur Crimes Prosecution¹, But Not in International Criminal Court美支持达尔福尔犯罪起诉，但不是在国际刑事法庭

 

The United States said Tuesday there must be accountability for war crimes in Sudan's western Darfur region.  But it says an African-based tribunal should handle such cases, and not the International Criminal Court, as proposed by a U.N. Commission.

 

The Bush administration says it welcomes the U.N. commission report on Darfur and says it hopes it produces stronger action by the United Nations against perpetrators of crimes there, including new sanctions.

 

However it opposes a referral of Darfur crimes to the International Criminal Court (ICC) about which it has long-standing political concerns.

 

At a news briefing, State Department Spokesman Richard Boucher said there is no requirement that the case go to the ICC.  He said the United States believes there are sound political and logistical reasons for having the existing African war crimes tribunal in Tanzania take up the case.

 

Mr. Boucher: There are a number of advantages of doing it that way. I mentioned it would involve the Africans, the African Union, in playing a continuing role for accountability, as they have played in trying to stop the crisis in Darfur to begin with.  It also has the practical advantage of building on the existing infrastructure² of the U.N. International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.  That would allow the Sudan tribunal to commence more rapidly, take advantage of the expertise³ and lessons learned in dealing⁴ with the crimes for Rwanda.

 

Though the United States originally signed the treaty setting up the ICC, the Bush administration withdrew from it, arguing that the court has no controlling authority, and could be used to conduct frivolous⁵ trials against U.S. troops stationed abroad.

 

In addition to its fundamental opposition⁶ to the ICC, Mr. Boucher said the United States questions whether the court would have jurisdiction⁷ over crimes in Sudan that occurred before it was set up in 2002.

 

The State Department generally praised the U.N. commission report on Darfur, even though its findings stopped short of declaring outright⁸ that crimes of the Sudanese government and its Arab Janjaweed militia⁹ allies in Darfur were genocide.

 

Former Secretary of State Colin Powell made a finding of genocide last September following a U.S. investigation¹⁰ that included interviews with thousands of Darfur refugees in Chad.

 

Senior officials say they hope the report will give new impetus¹¹ to stalled efforts in the U.N. Security Council to impose sanctions against Sudan, its militia allies and Darfur rebels found to be violating a year-old ceasefire accord.

 

Spokesman Boucher said the United States is talking to other Security Council member states about a range of punitive¹² measures, including oil-related sanctions and the extension of an arms embargo¹³ against the Khartoum government, as well as targeted travel and economic sanctions against individuals linked to Darfur crimes.

 

He said the United States is also pushing to supplement the African Union cease-fire monitoring and protection force being deployed¹⁴ in Darfur with a full-fledged U.N. peacekeeping force.

 

David Gollust, VOA news, the State Department.

 

注释：

referral [ri5fE:rEl] n. 提名，推举，被推举的人

take up 开始从事，吸收，拘留

infrastructure [5infrE5strQktFE] n. 基础设施

commence [kE5mens] v. 开始，着手

expertise [7ekspE5ti:z] n.专家的意见，专门技术

frivolous [5frivElEs] adj. 轻佻的，琐碎的

jurisdiction [7dVuEris5dikFEn] n. 权限

outright [5aut5rait] adj. 直率的，彻底的，完全的

Chad [tFAd] n. 乍得湖 (在乍得、尼日尔、尼日利亚、喀麦隆等国接界处)

punitive [5pju:nitiv] adj. 刑罚的，惩罚性的

1 prosecution   

n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营

参考例句：

• The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。
• He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

2 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

3 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

4 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

5 frivolous   

adj.轻薄的；轻率的

参考例句：

• This is a frivolous way of attacking the problem.这是一种轻率敷衍的处理问题的方式。
• He spent a lot of his money on frivolous things.他在一些无聊的事上花了好多钱。

6 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

7 jurisdiction   

n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权

参考例句：

• It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
• Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。

8 outright   

adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的

参考例句：

• If you have a complaint you should tell me outright.如果你有不满意的事，你应该直率地对我说。
• You should persuade her to marry you outright.你应该彻底劝服她嫁给你。

9 militia   

n.民兵，民兵组织

参考例句：

• First came the PLA men,then the people's militia.人民解放军走在前面，其次是民兵。
• There's a building guarded by the local militia at the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一幢由当地民兵团守卫的大楼。

10 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

11 impetus   

n.推动，促进，刺激；推动力

参考例句：

• This is the primary impetus behind the economic recovery.这是促使经济复苏的主要动力。
• Her speech gave an impetus to my ideas.她的讲话激发了我的思绪。

12 punitive   

adj.惩罚的，刑罚的

参考例句：

• They took punitive measures against the whole gang.他们对整帮人采取惩罚性措施。
• The punitive tariff was imposed to discourage tire imports from China.该惩罚性关税的征收是用以限制中国轮胎进口的措施。

13 embargo   

n.禁运（令）；vt.对...实行禁运，禁止（通商）

参考例句：

• This country put an oil embargo on an enemy country.该国对敌国实行石油禁运。
• During the war,they laid an embargo on commerce with enemy countries.在战争期间，他们禁止与敌国通商。

14 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。