VOA常速英语2017--乌干达别出心裁接收难民

No one wants to choose to be a refugee, but many are forced to do just that. They flee violence at home, face restrictions¹ in their new country, and are usually dependent upon others for food, water and health care.

如果可以选，没有人想做难民，但很多人都是为生活所迫。他们既要躲避本国的暴力，要面临避难国的禁令，还总是要面对食不果腹、没水没医疗服务的危机。

But Uganda, a country hosting more than 1.1 million refugees and asylum² seekers, is trying to ease their burdens with what many analysts³ call its "progressive" refugee policy.

不过，接收了110多万难民和寻求庇护者。现在，乌干达正在尝试用分析家们口中的“进步”难民政策来减轻负担。

Senior settlement officer in the Ugandan prime minister's office, Solomon Osakan, works with the U.N. humanitarian⁴ agency to coordinate⁵ refugee operations in the country. He says Uganda's approach comes from a Pan-African mindset of helping⁷ Africans in trouble, which currently includes those in neighboring South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Burundi.

乌干达总理办公室高级法律官员所罗门 大坂(Solomon Osakan)与联合国人道主义机构合作，协调乌干达的难民行动。所罗门表示，乌干达的这种做法体现了非洲共有的精神，即帮助处于困境的其他非洲人。而就目前的情况来说，处于困境的是邻国南苏丹、刚果和布隆迪。

"So, I think this policy emanates⁸ from our leaders," Osakan said. "Previously⁹, many of our leaders were displaced as refugees, they sought asylum in neighboring countries, and went as far as Europe. In that time, this changed their perception in thinking that when you are a refugee, you need to be supported to survive; otherwise, hostility¹⁰ only worsens."

所以，我认为这个难民政策来源于我们的领导人。此前，我们的多位领导人都曾经历过流离失所，成为了难民，于是他们在一些邻国，甚至欧洲寻求过庇护。那时候的这种经历改编了他们的想法，（他们开始认同）当一个人成为难民时是需要他人支持才能活下来的；否则，敌对状态只会愈演愈烈。

Uganda has refugee "settlements," not camps. Host communities have donated much of the land for these settlements. Refugees receive a 50-by-50-meter plot for shelter and cultivation¹¹, enjoy freedom of movement, receive employment waivers in order to work and can start businesses.

乌干达设立了很多难民居住点，而非难民营。当地的各个社区将大片土地用于难民营的建设。这里的难民都会分到一块50*50米的土地，可以落脚，可以种地，可以自由移动，在工作和创业方面还享有工作豁免权。

"It is good, because here, in Uganda here, we are feeling good," said Joyce Alua, 19, who says she fled gun violence in South Sudan in July 2016 while she was pregnant. "There is no fighting like South Sudan. And other things, also, they are good."But not everyone is pleased. Near the recently opened Imvepi settlement, some local people complain that so-called "outsiders" are getting the jobs, not them.

乌干达非常好，因为在这里，我们觉得很舒适。这里也不像南苏丹一样有战争。这里的一切都是这样好。但还是会有人不满意。在最近开放的Imvepi定居点附近，一些当地人抱怨说，所谓的“外来者”才能找到工作，他们本地人是找不到的。

"But the bad thing here is we are lacking of jobs," said Charles Acema, 35, who says he has lived in the Imvepi area his entire life. "Those who are here, they do not give the jobs for us."

但糟糕的是，我们的工作岗位不足。这里的人不给我们工作。

The United Nations and Uganda's government responded that many of the jobs in the settlements require skills that not always found in the local communities.

（对此，）联合国和乌干达政府的回应是，定居点的很多工作需要多种技能，这些技能往往是本地社群不具备的。

Despite his grievances¹², Charles Acema says he is happy his country is hosting refugees.

尽管满腹牢骚，但查尔斯 安赛玛(Charles Acema)表示，他很高兴自己的祖国能接收难民。

"Us, we know that Uganda is a God-loving country," he said. "That is why they welcome refugees here ..."

我们都知道乌干达是一个热爱上帝的国家。这也是他们欢迎难民的原因。

Still, many refugees here complain of food shortages. The United Nations has cited underfunding as the problem. Last year, food rations⁶ were cut by 50 percent for refugees who arrived prior to July 2015, except for the particularly vulnerable.The United Nations says it requires roughly $500 million dollars for its 2017 Uganda operations, but as of mid-March, it had received about $35 million, seven percent of the total.

乌干达的很多难民依然在抱怨没有足够的粮食。联合国认为原因是资金不足。去年，拨给2015年6月前来乌干达的难民口粮减少了一半，虽然极为虚弱的难民经费没有削减。联合国表示其需要大概5亿美元用于2017年乌干达行动，但截至3月中旬，只收到了3500万美元，是总数的7%。

1 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

2 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

3 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

4 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

5 coordinate   

adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调

参考例句：

• You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
• Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

6 rations   

定量( ration的名词复数 )； 配给量； 正常量； 合理的量

参考例句：

• They are provisioned with seven days' rations. 他们得到了7天的给养。
• The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数。

7 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

8 emanates   

v.从…处传出，传出( emanate的第三人称单数 )；产生，表现，显示

参考例句：

• He emanates power and confidence. 他表现出力量和信心。
• He emanates sympathy. 他流露出同情。 来自辞典例句

9 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

10 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

11 cultivation   

n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成

参考例句：

• The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。
• The land is not fertile enough to repay cultivation.这块土地不够肥沃，不值得耕种。

12 grievances   

n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚

参考例句：

• The trade union leader spoke about the grievances of the workers. 工会领袖述说工人们的苦情。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• He gave air to his grievances. 他申诉了他的冤情。 来自《简明英汉词典》