VOA常速英语2017--美国支持阿富汗通过排雷工作实现和平稳定

Afghanistan has known little peace or stability over the past four decades, having suffered through a Russian invasion, a civil war, five years of harsh rule by the fundamentalist Taliban regime, and the United States-led NATO action aimed at dismantling¹ al-Qa'ida and overthrowing² the Taliban regime that sheltered the terrorists.

阿富汗过去的4年与和平或者稳定都不挂钩：经历了俄罗斯的入侵、内战、塔利班基要主义政权为期5年的严苛管制。而美国领导的北约旨在捣毁基地组织，推翻恐怖分子的温床——塔利班政权。

Some 6.2 million people fled the country during the years of upheaval³. But once the Taliban had gone, the refugees began to return home.

动乱年代，有近620万人逃离了阿富汗。而塔利班一走，难民们就纷纷重返家园。

There is a clear connection between explosive hazards and displacement⁴ of populations, and Afghanistan is one of the most heavily mined countries in the world. In some parts of the country, the land is unsafe to farm, unsafe for livestock⁵, unsafe to even walk. Thus, many refugees who returned still could not go back to their homes.

危险爆炸物与人口流离失所之间有明显的关联，而阿富汗又是世界上埋雷情况最严重的国家之一。阿富汗的一些地区缺乏安全度，导致无法耕作土地、畜养家畜，甚至无法行走。因此，很多难民即便返回了故国，也无法真正的重返家园。

The government of Afghanistan set a goal of clearing the country's known minefields by 2023. Eighty percent of that goal has already been reached. Yet 570 square kilometers has yet to be de-mined.

阿富汗政府设立了一个目标，即在2023年之前排掉已知的所有雷区。目前为止，该目标已经实现了80%。不过，还有570平方公里的区域尚未完成排雷工作。

In late March, over 90 representatives met for the Afghanistan Donor⁶ and Implementing⁷ Partners Coordination⁸ Workshop for Mine Action, jointly⁹ hosted by the U.S. Department of State's Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement¹⁰, and the Afghanistan Ministry¹¹ for Disaster Management and Humanitarian¹² Affairs, writes Amy O'Halloran, Program Administrative¹³ Assistant in the State Department's Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement. The goal was to identify the challenges involved in meeting the Afghan government's 2023 target.

3月底，有90多位代表参加了阿富汗排雷行动捐献与实施伙伴协调研讨会，该研讨会由美国国务院政治军事事务局撤销武器办公室和阿富汗灾难管理与人道主义事务部共同举办，国务院政治军事事务局撤销武器办公室的项目行政助理艾米如是写道。目标是确定实现阿富汗政府2023年目标所需要克服的挑战。

The United States is a long-time supporter of Afghanistan's demining efforts. From 1993 through 2016, we have provided over $442 million for conventional weapons destruction and demining assistance to Afghanistan, through grants to Afghanistan's mine clearance¹⁴ organizations and international nongovernmental organizations in the mine action community.

长期以来，美国一直支持阿富汗的排雷工作。从1993年到2016年，我们已经就销毁常规武器和排雷援助方面为阿富汗提供了4.42多亿美元。这些资金都捐助给了阿富汗的排雷组织和隶属于排雷行动社群的国际非政府组织。

The United States is proud to support humanitarian mine action in Afghanistan because protecting civilians¹⁵ is a prerequisite¹⁶ for achieving any kind of peace and stability, said the U.S. Permanent Representative to the Conference on Disarmament, Ambassador Robert Wood. Men, women, and children must be protected from the risk of landmines¹⁷ and unexploded ordnance¹⁸. As long as these dangers persist, it is difficult for communities to recover from conflict.

美国为支持阿富汗的人道主义排雷行动感到骄傲，因为保护平民是实现和平与稳定的前提条件，美国裁军谈判会议常驻大使罗伯特如是说道。必须要保护包括孩子在内的所有人不受地雷和未爆炸军火的威胁。只要这些危险还存在，各社群就很难从冲突中恢复过来。

1 dismantling   

（枪支）分解

参考例句：

• The new government set about dismantling their predecessors' legislation. 新政府正着手废除其前任所制定的法律。
• The dismantling of a nuclear reprocessing plant caused a leak of radioactivity yesterday. 昨天拆除核后处理工厂引起了放射物泄漏。

2 overthrowing   

v.打倒，推翻( overthrow的现在分词 )；使终止

参考例句：

• They succeeded in overthrowing the fascist dictatorship. 他们成功推翻了法西斯独裁统治。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I always delight in overthrowing those kinds of schemes. 我一向喜欢戳穿人家的诡计。 来自辞典例句

3 upheaval   

n.胀起，(地壳)的隆起；剧变，动乱

参考例句：

• It was faced with the greatest social upheaval since World War Ⅱ.它面临第二次世界大战以来最大的社会动乱。
• The country has been thrown into an upheaval.这个国家已经陷入动乱之中。

4 displacement   

n.移置，取代，位移，排水量

参考例句：

• They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
• The displacement of all my energy into caring for the baby.我所有精力都放在了照顾宝宝上。

5 livestock   

n.家畜，牲畜

参考例句：

• Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
• The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。

6 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

7 implementing   

v.实现( implement的现在分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• -- Implementing a comprehensive drug control strategy. ――实行综合治理的禁毒战略。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• He was in no hurry about implementing his unshakable principle. 他并不急于实行他那不可动摇的原则。 来自辞典例句

8 coordination   

n.协调，协作

参考例句：

• Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
• The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

9 jointly   

ad.联合地，共同地

参考例句：

• Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
• She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。

10 abatement   

n.减(免)税，打折扣，冲销

参考例句：

• A bag filter for dust abatement at the discharge point should be provided.在卸料地点应该装设袋滤器以消除粉尘。
• The abatement of the headache gave him a moment of rest.头痛减轻给他片刻的休息。

11 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

12 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

13 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

14 clearance   

n.净空；许可(证)；清算；清除，清理

参考例句：

• There was a clearance of only ten centimetres between the two walls.两堵墙之间只有十厘米的空隙。
• The ship sailed as soon as it got clearance. 那艘船一办好离港手续立刻启航了。

15 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

16 prerequisite   

n.先决条件；adj.作为前提的，必备的

参考例句：

• Stability and unity are a prerequisite to the four modernizations.安定团结是实现四个现代化的前提。
• It is a prerequisite of entry to the profession that you pass the exams.做这一行的先决条件是要通过了有关的考试。

17 landmines   

潜在的冲突； 地雷，投伞水雷( landmine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The treaty bans the use production and trade of landmines. 该条约规定，禁止使用地雷相关产品及贸易。
• One of the weapon's of special concern was landmines. 在引起人们特别关注的武器中就有地雷。

18 ordnance   

n.大炮，军械

参考例句：

• She worked in an ordnance factory during the war.战争期间她在一家兵工厂工作。
• Shoes and clothing for the army were scarce,ordnance supplies and drugs were scarcer.军队很缺鞋和衣服，武器供应和药品就更少了。