VOA常速英语2017--禁穆令部分内容获批实施 特朗普大喜

President Donald Trump¹'s executive order temporarily suspending entry into the U.S. by nationals of six countries which present terrorism concerns is now being partially² implemented³.

特朗普的总统令暂时禁止了6个国家的公民进入美国，这项总统令解决了人们对恐怖主义的一部分后顾之忧。

The implementation⁴ of the suspension of entry began on June 29th, three days after the United States Supreme⁵ Court ruled that the portion of the order which generally prohibits nationals from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen from entering the U.S. for three months because of national security worries can take effect for certain categories of those nationals. It also allows a 120-day pause on the entry of refugees into the United States.

该禁穆令已于6月29日开始实施，而在实施的3天前，美国最高法院判决，该禁穆令在90天内禁止伊朗、利比亚、索马里、苏丹、叙利亚、也门的公民进入美国，这是出于国家安全考虑，因此可以对上述国家的部分公民实施该禁穆令。这份禁穆令还在120天内暂停难民进入美国。

Over the past three months, implementation of these portions of the order, which is a revised version of an executive order President Trump signed in January, had been frozen by a series of rulings by lower courts.

而过去3个月中，禁穆令中上述内容的实施却受到了多个地方法院的冻结，虽然这份禁穆令的内容已经在特朗普今年1月所签订总统令的基础上修订过了。

While unanimously overturning the earlier injunctions, the Supreme Court ruling was narrow in scope: the government cannot apply the suspension to foreign nationals who have a credible⁶ claim of a bona fide relationship with a person or entity⁷ in the United States. The Court explained that for individuals, a credible claim to a “close familial relationship” is required.

虽然最高法院的法官一致打破了此前对禁穆令的冻结，但其判决书依然对禁穆令有所要求：美国政府不得对下列外国公民实施禁穆令——与美国人或实体确有可信、真实善意关系的人。最高法院表示，进入美国的外国公民必须有与“家庭关系亲密”的可信证明。

What constitutes a close familial relationship has been clarified by the State Department in consultation⁸ with other agencies to include only parents, spouses⁹, fiancés, children, adult sons or daughters, sons and daughter-in-laws, and siblings¹⁰.

美国国务院在与其他政府部委沟通后，对亲密的家庭成员包括哪些下了定义，有：父母、配偶、未婚夫/妻、子女（无论是否成年）、女婿、儿媳妇、兄弟姐妹。

On the entity side, a credible claim to a bona fide relationship must be formal, documented, and formed in the ordinary course, rather than to evade¹¹ the order. This would include a student who has been officially admitted to an American university; or a worker who has accepted an offer of employment from an American company. Such individuals are exempt¹² from the travel suspension, but are still subject to standard visa eligibility¹³ requirements.

而对实体来说，有真实善意关系的可信证明必须是正式的、可以归档的、通过正规流程证实的，绝不可破坏规矩。比如说，学生就要得到美国大学的正式接收；工人就要有美国公司的录用函。不过，符合上述禁穆令条件的个人虽然不受禁穆令暂停进入美国的限制，但依然要符合正规的签证资质。

The Supreme Court agreed to hear oral arguments about the fundamental issues presented by the case – including whether the order was consistent with the President's authority to issue such executive orders on the grounds of protecting the nation – when the Court convenes¹⁴ in October.

最高法院已同意就禁穆令一案的症结性问题进行听证会——包括听取美国政府以保护国家安全为由而发布禁穆令的做法是否符合逻辑——最高法院的听证会将于10月召开。

President Trump called the Supreme Court's decision a clear victory for our national security...As President, I cannot allow people into our country who want to do us harm. I want people who can love the United States and all of its citizens, and who will be hardworking and productive. My number one priority as Commander in Chief is to keep the American people safe.

特朗普表示，最高法院的判决结果是国家安全的一次大捷……作为美国总统，我不能让想要伤害我国子民的人进入美国。我想要的是热爱美国和美国人民的人，是辛勤工作、富有成效的人。作为美国的掌舵手，我最高的使命就是保障美国人民的安全。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 partially   

adv.部分地，从某些方面讲

参考例句：

• The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
• The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静，宵禁部分解除。

3 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

4 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

5 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

6 credible   

adj.可信任的，可靠的

参考例句：

• The news report is hardly credible.这则新闻报道令人难以置信。
• Is there a credible alternative to the nuclear deterrent?是否有可以取代核威慑力量的可靠办法？

7 entity   

n.实体，独立存在体，实际存在物

参考例句：

• The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
• As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体，公司必须纳税。

8 consultation   

n.咨询；商量；商议；会议

参考例句：

• The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
• The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。

9 spouses   

n.配偶，夫或妻( spouse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Jobs are available for spouses on campus and in the community. 校园里和社区里有配偶可做的工作。 来自辞典例句
• An astonishing number of spouses-most particularly in the upper-income brackets-have no close notion of their husbands'paychecks. 相当大一部分妇女——特别在高收入阶层——并不很了解他们丈夫的薪金。 来自辞典例句

10 siblings   

n.兄弟，姐妹( sibling的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• A triplet sleeps amongst its two siblings. 一个三胞胎睡在其两个同胞之间。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She has no way of tracking the donor or her half-siblings down. 她没办法找到那个捐精者或她的兄弟姐妹。 来自时文部分

11 evade   

vt.逃避，回避；避开，躲避

参考例句：

• He tried to evade the embarrassing question.他企图回避这令人难堪的问题。
• You are in charge of the job.How could you evade the issue?你是负责人，你怎么能对这个问题不置可否？

12 exempt   

adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者

参考例句：

• These goods are exempt from customs duties.这些货物免征关税。
• He is exempt from punishment about this thing.关于此事对他已免于处分。

13 eligibility   

n.合格，资格

参考例句：

• What are the eligibility requirements? 病人被选参加试验的要求是什么？ 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望
• Eligibility for HINARI access is based on gross national income (GNI). 进入HINARI获取计划是依据国民总收入来评定的。

14 convenes   

召开( convene的第三人称单数 )； 召集； （为正式会议而）聚集； 集合

参考例句：

• The Premier convenes and presides over the executive meetings and plenary meetings of the State Council. 总理召集和主持国务院常务会议和国务院全体会议。 来自汉英非文学 - 中国宪法
• Chinese woman tenth the National People Congress convenes grandly today in Beijing. 中国妇女第十次全国代表大会今天在北京隆重召开。