VOA常速英语2018--南苏丹内战不停歇导致民生凋敝

In early February, the United States imposed restrictions¹ on the export of defense² articles and defense services into South Sudan. The United States does not directly sell arms to South Sudan, but the ban will prevent any U.S. company or citizen from providing military equipment or defense services to the warring factions⁴.

二月初，美国限制了对南苏丹国防物资和国防服务的出口。美国不直接向南苏丹出售军火，但这次禁令将阻止任何美国公司或公民为交战方提供军事装备和国防服务。

Exports of weapons and ammunition⁵ into South Sudan undercut efforts to protect civilians⁶ and prohibiting the sale or transfer of arms pressures the Government of South Sudan and the armed opposition⁷ to implement⁸ the December 21 Cessation of Hostilities⁹ and start to end the trauma¹⁰ and displacement¹¹ that millions of innocent South Sudanese have suffered.

将武器和军火出口到南苏丹的行为会破坏保护公民的工作，而阻止军火的出售和流动会给南苏丹政府和武装反对派施压，迫使他们实施12月21日签订的《停止敌对行动》，并着手结束无数无辜南苏丹民众所经受的创伤和流离失所。

South Sudan gained its independence from Sudan in 2011. Peace lasted less than 18 months. In December 2013, a power struggle between President Salva Kiir and Vice³ President Riek Machar erupted into civil war. The warring parties agreed to a peace accord in 2015, and to cease-fires on a number of occasions. All were broken before the ink was dry on the agreement. The continued fighting has cost the lives of thousands of people and led to a cut-back in oil production, a devastated¹² economy, human rights abuses, hunger, and malnutrition¹³.

2011年，南苏丹从苏丹分离出来，但和平只持续了不到18个月。2013年12月，总统萨尔瓦 基尔(Salva Kiir)与副总统里克 马查尔(Riek Machar)之间的权力斗争引发了内战。2015年，交战各方签订了和平协定和一系列停火协议。但签完协议没多久，停火局势再次被打破。持续的斩获导致无数人死亡，产油量下降，经济萎靡不振，人权遭到践踏，饥荒遍野，民众营养不良。

The United States is appalled¹⁴ by the continuing violence in South Sudan that has created one of Africa's worst humanitarian¹⁵ crises, said State Department Spokesperson Heather Nauert in a written statement. One and a half million people are now on the brink¹⁶ of famine, despite enormous efforts by the United States and other donors¹⁷ since the conflict began in 2013 to stave off famine and save lives, she said.

美国对南苏丹持续的暴力局势感到震惊，这样的暴力局势引发了非洲最严重的人道主义危机，国务院发言人希瑟 诺尔特(Heather Nauert)在一份声明中这样说道。150万人即将陷入饥荒，虽然在此期间联合国和其他捐献国自2013年冲突开始后就做了很多工作来延缓饥荒并拯救生命，诺尔特如是说道。

We urge all countries, including South Sudan's neighbors, to promote peace and save innocent lives by cutting off the flow of defense articles and defense services to South Sudan and to halt support to actors who are working to destabilize the country. We encourage the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and the African Union to consider sanctions measures against those who undermine the peace process.

我们敦促包括南苏丹邻国在内的所有国家促进和平并挽救无辜的生命，我们可以切断运往南苏丹的国防物资和国防服务，阻止破坏南苏丹稳定的人获得支持。我们鼓励政府间发展组织和非洲联盟考虑对那些破坏和平进程的人施加制裁措施。

Additionally, the United States is seeking support for a UN Security Council embargo¹⁸ on all arms flows into South Sudan and we urge all UN Security Council members to join us in supporting this action. The message must be clear – the United States, the region, and the international community will not stand idly by as innocent South Sudanese civilians are murdered.

此外，美国寻求联合国安理会提供禁运的支持，阻止军火流入南苏丹。我们敦促所有联合国安理会成员国加入我们，支持这项行动。我们传递的信息已然十分清楚：美国、南苏丹周边地区乃至整个国际社会不会袖手旁观，不会看着南苏丹百姓白白送命。

1 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

2 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

3 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

4 factions   

组织中的小派别，派系( faction的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The gens also lives on in the "factions." 氏族此外还继续存在于“factions〔“帮”〕中。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源
• rival factions within the administration 政府中的对立派别

5 ammunition   

n.军火，弹药

参考例句：

• A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition.几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。
• They have expended all their ammunition.他们把弹药用光。

6 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

7 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

8 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

9 hostilities   

n.战争；敌意(hostility的复数)；敌对状态；战事

参考例句：

• Mexico called for an immediate cessation of hostilities. 墨西哥要求立即停止敌对行动。
• All the old hostilities resurfaced when they met again. 他们再次碰面时，过去的种种敌意又都冒了出来。

10 trauma   

n.外伤，精神创伤

参考例句：

• Counselling is helping him work through this trauma.心理辅导正帮助他面对痛苦。
• The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。

11 displacement   

n.移置，取代，位移，排水量

参考例句：

• They said that time is the feeling of spatial displacement.他们说时间是空间位移的感觉。
• The displacement of all my energy into caring for the baby.我所有精力都放在了照顾宝宝上。

12 devastated   

v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词)；摧毁；毁灭；在感情上（精神上、财务上等）压垮adj.毁坏的；极为震惊的

参考例句：

• The bomb devastated much of the old part of the city. 这颗炸弹炸毁了旧城的一大片地方。
• His family is absolutely devastated. 他的一家感到极为震惊。

13 malnutrition   

n.营养不良

参考例句：

• In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
• It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。

14 appalled   

v.使惊骇，使充满恐惧( appall的过去式和过去分词)adj.惊骇的；丧胆的

参考例句：

• The brutality of the crime has appalled the public. 罪行之残暴使公众大为震惊。
• They were appalled by the reports of the nuclear war. 他们被核战争的报道吓坏了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

16 brink   

n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿

参考例句：

• The tree grew on the brink of the cliff.那棵树生长在峭壁的边缘。
• The two countries were poised on the brink of war.这两个国家处于交战的边缘。

17 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 embargo   

n.禁运（令）；vt.对...实行禁运，禁止（通商）

参考例句：

• This country put an oil embargo on an enemy country.该国对敌国实行石油禁运。
• During the war,they laid an embargo on commerce with enemy countries.在战争期间，他们禁止与敌国通商。