VOA常速英语2018--俄罗斯践踏人权

Human rights abuses in Russia continued to be a serious problem in 2017, according to the State Department's Human Rights Report issued in late April. The Russian Government continues to quash dissent¹ and civil society, even while it invades its neighbors and undermines the sovereignty of Western nations, said John Sullivan, who was serving as Acting² Secretary of State at the report's release.

2017年，俄罗斯践踏人权问题依然严重，这是四月末美国国务院发布的人权报告中显示的。俄罗斯政府镇压异见和民间社会发生的活动，就连俄罗斯侵略邻国以及破坏多个西方国家的主权时也不例外，报告发布时的代理国务卿约翰 苏利文(John Sullivan)如是说道。

According to the report, among the most significant human rights concerns during the year were the reports of extrajudicial killings⁴, disappearances⁵, and mass torture of over 100 gay persons in Chechnya.

根据报告内容，2017年最为严重的人权问题包括法外处决、让公民人间蒸发、在车臣市大规模虐待100多名同性恋。

Outside of Chechnya, there were allegations of systematic⁶ use of torture by police and prison officials, sometimes resulting in death, and at times including punitive⁷ psychiatric incarceration⁸. Prison conditions were reported to be harsh and life-threatening. The government failed to take adequate steps to prosecute⁹ or punish most officials who committed abuses, resulting in a climate of impunity¹⁰.

车臣市之外的其他地方也有控诉发声——警方和监狱管教人员存在系统性虐待囚犯的行为，甚至导致死亡，有时候还会有惩罚性的精神监禁。据报道，监狱的条件十分艰苦，甚至威胁到生命安全。俄罗斯政府没有采取充分的措施来检举以及惩罚大多数有践踏人权行为的公职人员，造成了可以逍遥法外的局面。

There was a lack of judicial³ independence. Authorities detained and prosecuted¹¹ individuals for political reasons. Political prisoners were quite frequently charged with terrorism, extremism, separatism, and espionage¹².

俄罗斯缺乏司法独立。当局可以出于政治原因拘留并指控公民。政治囚犯总是被冠以恐怖主义、极端主义、分离主义以及从事间谍活动的罪名。

The government severely¹³ restricted freedom of expression by various means, including the use of antiextremism and other vague laws to prosecute peaceful dissent; impunity for violence against journalists and bloggers; financial and editorial pressure on independent media outlets¹⁴; blocking and filtering of internet content and use of cyberattacks to disrupt speech on the internet.

俄罗斯政府通过多种手段严重限制了言论自由，包括使用反极端主义等模糊的法律来之指控和平发声的人们；让对记者和博主实施暴力的人逍遥法外；对独立媒体施加财务压力和社会舆论压力；屏蔽并过滤互联网上的内容，通过黑客攻击来扰乱互联网言论自由。

The rights of peaceful assembly and freedom of association were also severely restricted, primarily through implementation¹⁵ of laws on public assemblies, and by falsely labeling civil society organizations foreign agents and undesirable¹⁶ foreign organizations.

和平集会和结社自由的权利也受到了严重的限制，主要方式是以执法为由阻止公共集会；无中生有地给民间社会组织加以国外代理人以及不受欢迎的外国组织的标签.

The government also limited the ability of opposition¹⁷ political parties to organize, register candidates for public office, access media, and conduct political campaigns, thus precluding¹⁸ free and fair elections.

俄罗斯政府还限制了反对派政党的如下能力：组织能力、选举候选人的能力、向媒体发声的能力、从事政治活动的能力，从而限制反对派政党进行自由公正选举的能力。

We once again urge Russia to end its brutal¹⁹ occupation of Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, said Mr. Sullivan, to halt the abuses perpetrated by Russian-led forces in Ukraine's Donbas region, and to address impunity for the human rights violations²⁰ and abuses in the Republic of Chechnya.

我们再次敦促俄罗斯停止残暴侵占乌克兰克里米亚半岛的行径，苏利文如是说道，我们同时也敦促俄罗斯领导的军力停止在乌克兰顿巴斯地区的残暴行径，让践踏人权和车臣共和国的人付出代价。

1 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

2 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

3 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

4 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

5 disappearances   

n.消失( disappearance的名词复数 )；丢失；失踪；失踪案

参考例句：

• Most disappearances are the result of the terrorist activity. 大多数的失踪案都是恐怖分子造成的。 来自辞典例句
• The espionage, the betrayals, the arrests, the tortures, the executions, the disappearances will never cease. 间谍活动、叛党卖国、逮捕拷打、处决灭迹，这种事情永远不会完。 来自英汉文学

6 systematic   

adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的

参考例句：

• The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
• The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。

7 punitive   

adj.惩罚的，刑罚的

参考例句：

• They took punitive measures against the whole gang.他们对整帮人采取惩罚性措施。
• The punitive tariff was imposed to discourage tire imports from China.该惩罚性关税的征收是用以限制中国轮胎进口的措施。

8 incarceration   

n.监禁，禁闭；钳闭

参考例句：

• He hadn't changed much in his nearly three years of incarceration. 在将近三年的监狱生活中，他变化不大。 来自辞典例句
• Please, please set it free before it bursts from its long incarceration! 请你，请你将这颗心释放出来吧！否则它会因长期的禁闭而爆裂。 来自辞典例句

9 prosecute   

vt.告发；进行；vi.告发，起诉，作检察官

参考例句：

• I am trying my best to prosecute my duties.我正在尽力履行我的职责。
• Is there enough evidence to prosecute?有没有起诉的足够证据？

10 impunity   

n.(惩罚、损失、伤害等的)免除

参考例句：

• You will not escape with impunity.你不可能逃脱惩罚。
• The impunity what compulsory insurance sets does not include escapement.交强险规定的免责范围不包括逃逸。

11 prosecuted   

a.被起诉的

参考例句：

• The editors are being prosecuted for obscenity. 编辑因刊载污秽文字而被起诉。
• The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act. 这家公司被控违反《卫生安全条例》。

12 espionage   

n.间谍行为，谍报活动

参考例句：

• The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.官方已经逮捕了几个涉嫌从事间谍活动的人。
• Neither was there any hint of espionage in Hanley's early life.汉利的早期生活也毫无进行间谍活动的迹象。

13 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

14 outlets   

n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店

参考例句：

• The dumping of foreign cotton blocked outlets for locally grown cotton. 外国棉花的倾销阻滞了当地生产的棉花的销路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They must find outlets for their products. 他们必须为自己的产品寻找出路。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

15 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

16 undesirable   

adj.不受欢迎的，不良的，不合意的，讨厌的；n.不受欢迎的人，不良分子

参考例句：

• They are the undesirable elements among the employees.他们是雇员中的不良分子。
• Certain chemicals can induce undesirable changes in the nervous system.有些化学物质能在神经系统中引起不良变化。

17 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

18 precluding   

v.阻止( preclude的现在分词 )；排除；妨碍；使…行不通

参考例句：

19 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

20 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。