VOA常速英语2020--美国重启联合国对伊朗的制裁

Next, an editorial reflecting the views of the United States government. The United States has initiated¹ the restoration of virtually all United Nations sanctions that had been previously² lifted under Security Council Resolution 2231, when the Iran nuclear deal, formally known as the Joint³ Comprehensive Plan of Action or JCPOA, was finalized⁴ in 2015. That same Security Council resolution gave each participant state the right to execute unconditionally⁵ the so-called ”snapback” of sanctions if Iran broke its commitments under the JCPOA. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo informed the Security Council of the decision by the United States on August 20. The sanctions will come back into effect 30 days later. The action was taken after the United States tried all diplomatic means to encourage the UN Security Council to renew the arms embargo⁶ on Iran that is scheduled to expire in October. Speaking to reporters at the United Nations, Secretary Pompeo said the message is simple: “The United States will never allow the world’s largest state sponsor of terrorism to freely buy and sell planes, tanks, missiles, and other kinds of conventional weapons. These UN sanctions will continue the arms embargo.”

以下是一篇反映美国政府政策立场的社论：美国已经重启了几乎所有联合国对伊朗的制裁，在正式名称为“联合全面行动计划”的伊朗核协议于2015年最终完成时，联合国根据安理会2231号决议案解除了相关制裁。这份安理会决议案授权每个签约国，在伊朗违背对“联合全面行动计划”的承诺时，将有权无条件执行“制裁回弹”机制。美国国务卿蓬佩奥8月20日向安理会通报了美国的决定。对伊朗的制裁将在30天后恢复生效。采取这一行动，是因为美国之前试图采用一切外交手段，鼓励联合国安理会延长原定于10月到期的对伊朗的武器禁运。国务卿蓬佩奥在联合国接受记者采访时表示，传达的信息很简单：“美国永远不会允许这个世界上最大的支持恐怖主义的国家能够自由购买并出售飞机、坦克、导弹和其它类型的常规武器。这些联合国的制裁会继续实施武器禁运”。

The snapback will also prohibit Iran from testing ballistic missiles and from ongoing⁷ nuclear activities, such as the enrichment of nuclear material that could be applied⁸ to a nuclear weapons program. “President Trump⁹ and this administration, have discarded the fiction that the regime merely seeks a peaceful nuclear program,” said Secretary Pompeo. “We will never allow Iran to have a nuclear weapon.” Secretary Pompeo noted¹⁰ that Iran’s close neighbors in the Middle East, including the Gulf¹¹ Cooperation Council nations, have warned the Security Council about the danger from Iran and the need to stop the expiration¹² of the arms embargo. He also voiced concern that Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, while privately¹³ saying they do not want the arms embargo lifted, are doing nothing to prevent it from happening: “America won’t join in this failure of leadership. America will not appease¹⁴. America will lead… Today’s actions put additional pressure on Iran to behave like a normal country and to come to the bargaining table.” “We call on the international community to join us in crafting a stronger deal that addresses the full range of Iran’s malign¹⁵ behavior,” said Secretary Pompeo, “and protects people of all nations that simply want to live free from Iranian predation.” That was an editorial reflecting the views of the United States government.

制裁回弹机制同时禁止伊朗实验弹道导弹，禁止伊朗从事核活动，包括进行可用于核武器计划的核材料浓缩。国务卿蓬佩奥表示，“特朗普总统和本届政府已经对伊朗政权只寻求和平发展核计划不再抱有幻想”，“我们永远不会允许伊朗拥有核武器”。国务卿蓬佩奥指出，包括海湾合作委员会成员国在内的伊朗的中东邻国已经向安理会发出了警告，要警惕伊朗的危险性，而且有必要延长对伊朗的武器禁运。蓬佩奥同时对德国、法国和英国表示了担忧，这三个国家私下表示不希望解除武器禁运，却没有采取任何措施阻止武器禁运的解除。“美国不会参加这种失败的领导。美国不会姑息。美国将带头……今天的行动向伊朗施加了更多的压力，要求伊朗像正常国家那样行事，走上谈判桌”。“我们呼吁国际社会与我们一道，起草一份更有力的协议，全面解决伊朗的恶意行为，”国务卿蓬佩奥说，“保护希望免遭伊朗掠夺的各国人民”。这是一篇反映美国政府政策立场的社论。

1 initiated   

n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始，创始，启蒙，介绍加入

参考例句：

• He has not yet been thoroughly initiated into the mysteries of computers. 他对计算机的奥秘尚未入门。
• The artist initiated the girl into the art world in France. 这个艺术家介绍这个女孩加入巴黎艺术界。

2 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

3 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

4 finalized   

vt.完成（finalize的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The draft of this article has been finalized [done]. 这篇文章已经定稿。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The draft was revised several times before it was finalized. 稿子几经删改才定下来。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 unconditionally   

adv.无条件地

参考例句：

• All foreign troops must be withdrawn immediately and unconditionally. 所有外国军队必须立即无条件地撤出。
• It makes things very awkward to have your girls going back unconditionally just now! 你们现在是无条件上工，真糟糕！ 来自子夜部分

6 embargo   

n.禁运（令）；vt.对...实行禁运，禁止（通商）

参考例句：

• This country put an oil embargo on an enemy country.该国对敌国实行石油禁运。
• During the war,they laid an embargo on commerce with enemy countries.在战争期间，他们禁止与敌国通商。

7 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

8 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

9 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

10 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

11 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

12 expiration   

n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物

参考例句：

• Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
• This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满，即行终止。

13 privately   

adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地

参考例句：

• Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
• The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。

14 appease   

v.安抚，缓和，平息，满足

参考例句：

• He tried to appease the crying child by giving him candy.他试图给那个啼哭的孩子糖果使他不哭。
• The government tried to appease discontented workers.政府试图安抚不满的工人们。

15 malign   

adj.有害的；恶性的；恶意的；v.诽谤，诬蔑

参考例句：

• It was easy to see why the cartoonists regularly portrayed him as a malign cherub.难怪漫画家总是把他画成一个邪恶的小天使。
• She likes to malign innocent persons.她爱诋毁那些清白的人。