2019年经济学人 镜头和现实(1)

 

Books & arts

图书与艺术

Cinema and reality

镜头和现实

The director’s cut

导演的剪辑

A bold Ukrainian film-maker charts the line between fiction and truth

一位大胆的乌克兰电影制作人画出了虚构与真实之间的界线

In the opening scene of “Donbass”, the latest feature film by Sergei Loznitsa, a hotch-potch group of extras gather in a makeup¹ trailer. The shaky footage follows them as they are escorted to the site of a staged mortar² attack in Russian-controlled territory in eastern Ukraine. There, for the benefit of a separatist news crew, they bemoan³ the depredations⁴ of the Ukrainian army. In the film, the explosion is a stunt⁵, but the damage is genuine— much like the real-life conflict.

在谢尔盖·洛兹尼察的最新故事片《顿巴斯》的开场场景中，一群大杂烩般的临时演员聚集在一辆化妆拖车里。在这段不稳定的视频中，他们被护送到乌克兰东部俄罗斯控制地区的迫击炮袭击现场。在那里，为了一个分离主义新闻团队的利益，他们哀叹乌克兰军队的掠夺。在电影中，爆炸只是一个噱头，但造成的伤害却是真实的——就像现实生活中的冲突一样。

With its vertiginous⁶ spiral of fakery, the invented but plausible⁷ scene captures the essence of Russia’s hybrid⁸ onslaught against Ukraine. After the revolution of 2013-14 Kremlin-controlled television stations spewed poisonous lies into the disaffected⁹, Russian-speaking Donbass; next, militants¹⁰ and army units rolled in to “defend” the region from phantom¹¹ Ukrainian fascists¹². Like a mirror, Mr Loznitsa’s film reflects and inverts¹³ that process, using fiction to expose the wounds inflicted¹⁴ by the annihilation of truth. Not surprisingly, “Donbass” has been banned in Russia.

在令人眩晕的造假漩涡中，这个虚构但看似可信的场景抓住了俄罗斯对乌克兰混合攻击的本质。2013年至2014年的革命之后，克里姆林宫控制的电视台向说俄语、心怀不满的顿巴斯播撒了恶毒的谎言；就像一面镜子，洛兹尼察先生的电影反映和逆转了这一过程，用虚构来揭露真相被毁灭所造成的创伤。毫不奇怪，《唐巴斯》在俄罗斯已经被禁。

The boundary between reality and lies, fiction and history, is one of the world’s most contested borders. It runs squarely through the propaganda-warped badlands of eastern Ukraine—and through Mr Loznitsa’s powerful oeuvre. In both his feature films and documentaries, his aim is the opposite of the propagandists’: to present the essential truth of what happened, and—an even harder task—diligently to make clear what did not happen, too.

现实与谎言、虚构与历史之间的边界，是世界上最具争议的边界之一。它直接贯穿于乌克兰东部扭曲的不毛之地的宣传之中，也贯穿于罗兹尼察的全部作品之中。在他的故事片和纪录片中，他的目标都与宣传者的相反：为了展现已经发生的事情的本质真相，以及一项更加艰巨的任务——勤奋地弄清没有发生的事情。

1 makeup   

n.组织；性格；化装品

参考例句：

• Those who failed the exam take a makeup exam.这次考试不及格的人必须参加补考。
• Do you think her beauty could makeup for her stupidity?你认为她的美丽能弥补她的愚蠢吗？

2 mortar   

n.灰浆，灰泥；迫击炮；v.把…用灰浆涂接合

参考例句：

• The mason flushed the joint with mortar.泥工用灰浆把接缝处嵌平。
• The sound of mortar fire seemed to be closing in.迫击炮的吼声似乎正在逼近。

3 bemoan   

v.悲叹，哀泣，痛哭；惋惜，不满于

参考例句：

• Purists bemoan the corruption of the language.主张语文纯正的人哀叹语言趋于不纯。
• Don't bemoan anything or anyone that you need to leave behind.不要再去抱怨那些你本该忘记的人或事。

4 depredations   

n.劫掠，毁坏( depredation的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Protect the nation's resources against the depredations of other countries. 保护国家资源，不容他人染指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Hitler's early'successes\" were only the startling depredations of a resolute felon. 希特勒的早期“胜利”，只不过是一个死心塌地的恶棍出人意料地抢掠得手而已。 来自辞典例句

5 stunt   

n.惊人表演，绝技，特技；vt.阻碍...发育，妨碍...生长

参考例句：

• Lack of the right food may stunt growth.缺乏适当的食物会阻碍发育。
• Right up there is where the big stunt is taking place.那边将会有惊人的表演。

6 vertiginous   

adj.回旋的；引起头晕的

参考例句：

• House prices continued their vertiginous decline,with the US,UK,Spain and Ireland leading the way.房屋价格继续他们的旋转式下降，美国、英国、西班牙和爱尔兰引领着这个趋势。
• My small mind contained in earthly human limits,not lost in vertiginous space and elements unknown.我的狭隘思想局限在人类世俗之中，不会

7 plausible   

adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的

参考例句：

• His story sounded plausible.他说的那番话似乎是真实的。
• Her story sounded perfectly plausible.她的说辞听起来言之有理。

8 hybrid   

n.(动，植）杂种，混合物

参考例句：

• That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。
• The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。

9 disaffected   

adj.（政治上）不满的，叛离的

参考例句：

• He attracts disaffected voters.他吸引了心怀不满的选民们。
• Environmental issues provided a rallying point for people disaffected with the government.环境问题把对政府不满的人们凝聚了起来。

10 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

11 phantom   

n.幻影，虚位，幽灵；adj.错觉的，幻影的，幽灵的

参考例句：

• I found myself staring at her as if she were a phantom.我发现自己瞪大眼睛看着她，好像她是一个幽灵。
• He is only a phantom of a king.他只是有名无实的国王。

12 fascists   

n.法西斯主义的支持者( fascist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists. 老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 inverts   

v.使倒置，使反转( invert的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Inverts the current field dominance of a selected clip. 反转被选择片段的当前场优势。 来自互联网
• DSTINVERT Inverts the destination rectangle. 将目标矩形反色。 来自互联网

14 inflicted   

把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the home team. 他们使主队吃了一场很没面子的败仗。
• Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。