2019年经济学人 一周要闻 阿根廷比索跌37% 特鲁多连任陷危机 埃博拉有望被治愈

 

The world this week

本周要闻

politics

政治

An indicative vote in Argentina’s presidential election suggested that the opposition¹, led by Alberto Fernández with the country’s previous president, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (no relation), as his running-mate, would handily win the actual election in October. The Argentine peso shed a quarter of its value against the dollar and its main stockmarket fell by 37%. Investors² fear the return of Ms Fernández, whose policies between 2007 and 2015 ruined the economy.

阿根廷总统选举的一项指示性投票显示，由阿尔贝托·费尔南德斯领导的反对党与该国前总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔（二人没有关系）作为竞选伙伴，将轻而易举地赢得10月份的实际选举。阿根廷比索对美元汇率下跌了四分之一，其主要股指下跌37%。投资者担心费尔南德斯会卷土重来，她在2007年至2015年间的政策毁了阿根廷经济。

The result was a blow to the incumbent³ Argentine president, Mauricio Macri. After the poll he announced a number of giveaways to win over voters, including tax cuts, more welfare subsidies⁴ and a three-month freeze in petrol prices.

这一结果是对阿根廷现任总统毛里西奥·马克里的打击。投票结束后，他宣布了一系列赢得选民支持的优惠措施，包括减税、更多的福利补贴和为期三个月的汽油价格冻结。

The election of Alejandro Giammattei as Guatemala’s president threw doubt on the safe-third-country agreement signed by the outgoing president, Jimmy Morales, with the United States. Under the deal some migrants would seek asylum⁵ in Guatemala rather than travelling through Mexico to the American border. Mr Giammattei thinks Guatemala might not be able to honour that commitment.

亚历杭德罗·吉安马蒂当选危地马拉总统，使人们对即将离任的总统吉米·莫拉莱斯与美国签署的第三国安全协议产生怀疑。根据该协议，一些移民将在危地马拉寻求庇护，而不是通过墨西哥前往美国边境。吉安马蒂认为危地马拉可能无法履行这一承诺。

The nomination⁶ by Brazil’s president, Jair Bolsonaro, of his son, Eduardo, as ambassador to the United States prompted the public prosecutor’s office to ask a federal court to rule on the formal qualifications required to be a diplomat⁷. Eduardo Bolsonaro’s appointment must still be confirmed by the senate in Brasília, but that hasn’t stopped the opposition from crying foul⁸, saying his only diplomatic credentials⁹ seem to be that he is a friend of the Trump¹⁰ family.

巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗任命其子爱德华多为驻美国大使，这促使检察官办公室要求联邦法院对外交官的正式资格做出裁决。爱德华多·博尔索纳罗的任命仍需获得巴西利亚参议院的批准，但这并没有阻止反对派的叫嚷，称其唯一的外交经验似乎只是特朗普家族的朋友。

Canada’s ethics¹¹ commissioner¹² criticised Justin Trudeau, the prime minister, for pressing a former attorney-general to drop charges against a firm accused of bribery¹³ in Libya. The commissioner said Mr Trudeau and his office acted outside the bounds of convention, and that their behaviour was “tantamount to political direction”. His report complicates¹⁴ Mr Trudeau’s bid for re-election in October.

加拿大道德专员批评总理贾斯廷·特鲁多，因为其施压让前司法部长撤销对一家被控在利比亚行贿的公司的指控。该专员表示，特鲁多及其办公室的行为超出了法律的范围，他们的行为“等同于指导政治方向”。他的报告使特鲁多10月份竞选连任的努力复杂化。

Two treatments for Ebola proved to be effective in tests conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the latest outbreak has killed 1,900 people. The survival rate jumps to 90% if the treatments, which employ special antibodies, are given soon after infection. If untreated, most people who catch Ebola die.

在刚果民主共和国进行的测试中，针对埃博拉病毒的两种治疗方法被证明是有效的。该国最近的埃博拉疫情已造成1900人死亡。如果感染后立即使用特殊抗体进行治疗，存活率将攀升至90%。如果不治疗，大多数感染埃博拉病毒的人会死亡。

Southern separatists in Yemen seized the city of Aden from forces loyal to the internationally recognised government. The separatists and the government are part of a Saudi-led coalition¹⁵ fighting the Iranian-backed Houthi rebels, who control much of the country. Many in the south dislike the government, as well as the Houthis, and hope to secede¹⁶.

也门南部分裂分子从忠于国际承认的政府军手中夺取了亚丁市。分裂分子和政府是沙特领导的联盟的一部分，该联盟与伊朗支持的胡塞叛军作战。胡塞叛军控制着也门的大部分地区。南部的许多人不喜欢政府，也不喜欢胡塞叛军，他们希望脱离。

1 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

2 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

3 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

4 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

6 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

7 diplomat   

n.外交官，外交家；能交际的人，圆滑的人

参考例句：

• The diplomat threw in a joke, and the tension was instantly relieved.那位外交官插进一个笑话，紧张的气氛顿时缓和下来。
• He served as a diplomat in Russia before the war.战前他在俄罗斯当外交官。

8 foul   

adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规

参考例句：

• Take off those foul clothes and let me wash them.脱下那些脏衣服让我洗一洗。
• What a foul day it is!多么恶劣的天气！

9 credentials   

n.证明，资格，证明书，证件

参考例句：

• He has long credentials of diplomatic service.他的外交工作资历很深。
• Both candidates for the job have excellent credentials.此项工作的两个求职者都非常符合资格。

10 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

11 ethics   

n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

参考例句：

• The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
• Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

12 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

13 bribery   

n.贿络行为，行贿，受贿

参考例句：

• FBI found out that the senator committed bribery.美国联邦调查局查明这个参议员有受贿行为。
• He was charged with bribery.他被指控受贿。

14 complicates   

使复杂化( complicate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• What complicates the issue is the burden of history. 历史的重负使问题复杂化了。
• Russia as a great and ambitious power gravely complicates the situation. 俄国作为一个强大而有野心的国家，使得局势异常复杂。

15 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

16 secede   

v.退出，脱离

参考例句：

• They plotted to make the whole Mississippi Valley secede from the United States.他们阴谋策划使整个密西西比流域脱离美国。
• We won't allow Tibet to secede from China and become an independent nation.我们决不允许西藏脱离中国独立。