2019年经济学人 一周要闻 英国退欧愈演愈烈 鲍里斯开除反水议员 洛杉矶一游船失火

 

The world this week

本周要闻

Politics

政治

The squabble over Britain’s withdrawal¹ from the European Union intensified² in Parliament. MPs in the House of Commons defied the government by passing a bill that seeks a delay to Brexit until January 31st if a deal has not been passed in the chamber³ by October 19th. Boris Johnson purged⁴ the 21 MPs who rebelled against him from the Conservative Party, leaving the prime minister in charge of a government 43 short of a working majority. Mr Johnson now wants to hold an election. He has a lead in the polls—but so did Theresa May before a setback⁵ at an election in 2017.

英国退出欧盟的争论在议会中愈演愈烈。下议院的议员们不顾政府反对，通过了一项法案，如果在10月19日前没有达成协议，该法案寻求将英国退欧推迟到1月31日。鲍里斯·约翰逊将21名反水的保守党议员开除党籍，这使他领导的政府距掌握多数席位少了43票。约翰逊如今想举行一次选举。他在民调中领先，但前首相特蕾莎·梅在2017年大选受挫前也处于领先优势。

In what many considered to be a pre-election giveaway, the government outlined plans to increase spending, which for the first time in 11 years would enlarge the size of the British state relative to GDP. Sajid Javid, the chancellor⁶ of the exchequer⁷, said that Britain could “afford to turn the page on austerity”.

英国政府概述了增加财政开支的计划，许多人认为这是大选前的“造势”，这将是英国11年来首次扩大财政开支，使其相对于国内生产总值(gdp)的比例扩大。英国财政大臣萨伊德·贾维德(Sajid Javid)表示，英国“有能力翻过财政紧缩的一页”。

HS2, Britain’s controversial high-speed rail project, faced more delays and an estimate for the final bill soared to ￡90bn ($110bn), or ￡260m per mile. The project was planned in two phases and originally costed at ￡30bn in 2010. The escalating⁸ price means hs2 is in danger of being derailed.

英国备受争议的高速铁路项目HS2面临更多延误，最终费用预计将飙升至900亿英镑(1100亿美元)，即每英里造价2.6亿英镑。该项目分两个阶段规划，2010年的最初估价为300亿英镑。不断上涨的价格意味着HS2项目有“脱轨”的危险。

Members of the Five Star Movement in Italy voted to accept a new government in coalition⁹ with their former enemies, the Democrats¹⁰, to be headed by the incumbent¹¹ prime minister, Giuseppe Conte. This means that the plan by the hard-right leader of the Northern League, Matteo Salvini, to force an election has failed, for now.

意大利“五星运动”的成员投票决定接受由现任总理朱塞佩·孔戴领导的新政府，并且与他们以前的敌人民主党联合执政。这意味着北方联盟极右翼领导人马泰奥·萨尔维尼(Matteo Salvini)强迫选举的计划目前以失败告终。

In Germany, the Christian¹² Democrats in Saxony and the Social Democrats in Brandenburg saw off challenges from the hard-right Alternative for Germany in state elections, which means that at the national level, the grand coalition between the cdu and the spd is likely to continue.

在德国，萨克森州的基督教民主联盟和勃兰登堡州的社会民主党在州选举中击败了极右翼的德国另类选择党(Alternative for Germany)，这意味着在全国范围内，基民盟和社民党之间的大联盟很可能会继续。

A military judge set January 11th 2021 as the start date for the trial of the five men accused of plotting the 9/11 attacks. The trial, to be held at Guantánamo Bay, may not happen if it is found that the defendants’ statements were extracted under torture. If it does occur Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and four others will face a court, 20 years after the atrocities¹³.

一名军事法官将2021年1月11日定为审判被控策划911袭击的五名男子的开始日期。审判将在关塔那摩湾进行，如果发现被告的陈述是在酷刑下提取的，审判可能不会进行。如果这一切真的发生，哈立德·谢赫·穆罕默德和另外四人将在暴行发生20年后面临审判。

Thirty-four people died when a fire broke out on a boat chartered for a scuba-diving excursion off the coast of Los Angeles. It was the worst loss of life on a vessel¹⁴ in American waters in four decades.

洛杉矶海岸一艘租赁的潜水船发生火灾，造成34人死亡。这是四十年来美国海域发生的最严重的船只伤亡事故。

Zalmay Khalilzad, the diplomat¹⁵ conducting talks with the insurgents¹⁶ of the Taliban regarding an American withdrawal from Afghanistan, declared that the two sides had reached a preliminary deal. The plan is for a quick withdrawal of 5,400 of the 14,000 American troops in the country, followed by the staggered departure of the remainder, provided the Taliban meet certain conditions.

与塔利班叛乱分子就美国从阿富汗撤军进行谈判的外交官扎勒梅·哈利勒扎德宣布，双方已达成初步协议。该计划是在塔利班满足既定条件的情况下，迅速撤出驻扎在阿富汗的14000名美军中的5400人，其余人于稍后逐步撤离。

1 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

2 intensified   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
• The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

4 purged   

清除（政敌等）( purge的过去式和过去分词 )； 涤除（罪恶等）； 净化（心灵、风气等）； 消除（错事等）的不良影响

参考例句：

• He purged his enemies from the Party. 他把他的敌人从党内清洗出去。
• The iron in the chemical compound must be purged. 化学混合物中的铁必须清除。

5 setback   

n.退步，挫折，挫败

参考例句：

• Since that time there has never been any setback in his career.从那时起他在事业上一直没有遇到周折。
• She views every minor setback as a disaster.她把每个较小的挫折都看成重大灾难。

6 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

7 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

8 escalating   

v.（使）逐步升级( escalate的现在分词 )；（使）逐步扩大；（使）更高；（使）更大

参考例句：

• The cost of living is escalating. 生活费用在迅速上涨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cost of living is escalating in the country. 这个国家的生活费用在上涨。 来自辞典例句

9 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

10 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

12 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

13 atrocities   

n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪

参考例句：

• They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities. 他们犯有最野蛮、最灭绝人性的残暴罪行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy's atrocities made one boil with anger. 敌人的暴行令人发指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 vessel   

n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管

参考例句：

• The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
• You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。

15 diplomat   

n.外交官，外交家；能交际的人，圆滑的人

参考例句：

• The diplomat threw in a joke, and the tension was instantly relieved.那位外交官插进一个笑话，紧张的气氛顿时缓和下来。
• He served as a diplomat in Russia before the war.战前他在俄罗斯当外交官。

16 insurgents   

n.起义，暴动，造反( insurgent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The regular troops of Baden joined the insurgents. 巴登的正规军参加到起义军方面来了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Against the Taliban and Iraqi insurgents, these problems are manageable. 要对付塔利班与伊拉克叛乱分子，这些问题还是可以把握住的。 来自互联网