2020年经济学人 一周要闻 推特遭到史上最大攻击 英国全面禁用华为5G 英政府将实施进口管制

The world this week

世界国际要闻

Business

经济

American banks had a mixed start to the second-quarter earnings¹ season, as loan-loss provisions dented² earnings. JPMorgan Chase reported net income of $4.7bn, around half what it made in the same period last year, but more than the $3.3bn analysts³ had forecast. Citigroup’s net income of $1.3bn also beat expectations, but was down by 73% year on year. Goldman Sachs reported net income of $2.4bn, unchanged from the same period a year ago. By contrast, Wells Fargo made a net loss of $2.4bn during the quarter.

由于贷款损失准备金降低了收益，美国银行在第二季度的收益季开局喜忧参半。摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)公布净利润为47亿美元，约为去年同期的一半，但高于分析师预测的33亿美元。花旗集团13亿美元的净利润也超出了预期，但同比下降了73%。高盛公布的净利润为24亿美元，与去年同期持平。相比之下，富国银行本季度净亏损24亿美元。

Britain said that Huawei’s equipment must be removed from the country’s 5G mobile networks by 2027. It also banned the Chinese company from providing new telecoms kit⁴ by the end of the year. The British government admitted that the decision, a U-turn from its previously⁵ less hostile position towards Huawei, will delay the country’s roll-out of 5G by up to three years.

英国表示，到2027年，必须从该国的5G移动网络中移除华为的设备。该国还禁止这家中国公司在年底前提供新的电信设备。英国政府承认，这一决定是先前对华为敌意有所缓解的立场的重大转变，此举将使英国5G的推出推迟至多3年。

PepsiCo reported a fall in profits but still beat analysts’ expectations. The American maker⁶ of fizzy drinks and snacks made net revenues of $15.9bn in the three months to June 13th, 3.1% less than in the same period a year ago. Bumper⁷ sales of snacks such as Frito-Lay crisps to people stuck at home during lockdown were offset⁸ by the damaging impact of restaurant closures on sales of its drinks.

百事公司公布利润下降，但仍超出分析师预期。截至6月13日的三个月里，这家美国碳酸饮料和零食制造商的净收入为159亿美元，比去年同期下降3.1%。在封锁期间，菲多利薯片等休闲零食因人们居家隔离而销量暴增，但是餐馆关闭对其饮料销售的破坏性影响抵消了这一增长。

Delta⁹ reported a pre-tax loss of $7bn in the second quarter, the second largest in the American carrier’s history. Travel restrictions¹⁰ helped to reduce operating revenue by 88% year on year. The airline also announced plans to scale back its flying schedule for August and to shed at least 17,000 of its 91,000 employees through early retirement¹¹. The carrier said it hoped to lure¹² back flyers with promises of extra aircraft cleaning, including “disinfectant electrostatic spraying”.

达美航空公布第二季度税前亏损70亿美元，为这家美国航空公司史上第二大亏损。旅行限制导致营业收入同比下降了88%。该航空公司还宣布，计划缩减8月份的飞行计划，并在提前退休的9.1万名员工中裁员至少1.7万人。该航空公司表示，希望通过承诺提供额外的飞机清洁服务，包括“消毒剂静电喷涂”，来吸引乘客回流。

The British government announced plans to spend 705m pounds ($888m) on extra border infrastructure¹³, including the construction of a 27-acre (11-hectare) lorry park in Kent for cross-border checks to take place. Britain is preparing for the imposition of trade controls between it and the European Union after the Brexit transition ends on December 31st. Even if a UK-EU trade deal is reached, officials calculate that firms will need to fill in an extra 215m customs declarations each year at an annual cost of about 7bn pounds.

英国政府宣布将斥资7.05亿英镑(8.88亿美元)建设另外的边境基础设施，包括在肯特郡建设一个27英亩(11公顷)的卡车停车场，用于跨境检查。英国正准备在12月31日脱欧过渡结束后对其与欧盟之间实施贸易管制。官员们估计，即使英国和欧盟达成贸易协议，企业每年也需要额外填写2.15亿份海关申报，每年的费用约为70亿英镑。

The European Union’s second-highest court dealt Apple a victory, declaring it will not have to pay a 13bn euros ($14.8bn) Irish tax bill. The ruling overturns a decision made in 2016 by the European Commission and presents its head of competition, Margrethe Vestager, with a challenge as she investigates national tax deals.

欧盟第二高等法院裁定苹果公司胜诉，宣布其无需支付130亿欧元(148亿美元)的爱尔兰税款。这一裁决推翻了欧盟委员会在2016年做出的一项决定，并在该委员会负责竞争事务的玛格丽特·韦斯塔格(Margrethe Vestager)调查各国税收协议时，向她提出了挑战。

Seemingly unharmed by India’s severe lockdown, Infosys, an Indian IT giant, reported that second-quarter profits rose to 42.3bn rupees ($558m), up by 11.5% year on year.

印度IT巨头印孚瑟斯(Infosys)似乎没有受到印度严重封锁的影响，该公司公布第二季度利润增长到423亿卢比(5.58亿美元)，同比增长11.5%。

Shares in Moderna, an American biotech firm, soared after it reported that an early trial of its COVID-19 vaccine¹⁴ produced a “robust” antibody response in the 45 volunteers who took it. However, a much larger trial will be needed before regulators can approve it.

美国生物技术公司Moderna报道称，其新冠疫苗的早期试验在45名志愿者身上产生了“强烈的”抗体反应，该公司股价应声飙升。然而，在监管机构批准之前，还需要进行更大规模的试验。

In a sign that Britain is not heading towards a “V-shaped” recovery, British GDP grew month-on-month by just 1.8% in May after a drop of 20.3% in April. Economists¹⁵ had expected growth of 5.5% in May.

有迹象表明，英国并没有走向v型复苏，英国国内生产总值在4月份下降20.3%后，5月份环比仅增长1.8%。经济学家此前预计5月份的增长率为5.5%。

Nissan unveiled its first major new car since Carlos Ghosn was dismissed as its chairman in November 2018. Shares in the Japanese carmaker jumped after it revealed the Ariya, its new all-electric sport utility vehicle, online.

自2018年11月卡洛斯·戈恩(Carlos Ghosn)被解除董事长职务以来，日产推出了第一款大型新车。这家日本汽车制造商在网上发布了新款全电动SUV Ariya后，股价飙升。

The European Court of Justice struck down an agreement that allowed companies in the bloc¹⁶ to transfer eu residents’ personal data to America. The surprise decision is a win for privacy activists¹⁷, but could be costly¹⁸ for tech firms.

欧洲法院否决了一项允许欧盟公司将欧盟居民的个人数据转移到美国的协议。这一出人意料的决定对隐私保护活动人士来说是一个胜利，但对科技公司来说可能代价高昂。

The Twitter accounts of several prominent American figures, including Barack Obama, Elon Musk¹⁹ and Bill Gates, were hacked²⁰ by bitcoin scammers. In response Jack²¹ Dorsey, the firm’s chief executive, said “We all feel terrible this happened.”

包括奥巴马、埃隆·马斯克以及比尔·盖茨在内的几位美国名人的推特账号都遭到比特币诈骗者的入侵。该公司的首席执行官杰克·多尔西回应称:“这是艰难的一天。”

1 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

2 dented   

v.使产生凹痕( dent的过去式和过去分词 )；损害；伤害；挫伤（信心、名誉等）

参考例句：

• The back of the car was badly dented in the collision. 汽车尾部被撞后严重凹陷。
• I'm afraid I've dented the car. 恐怕我把车子撞瘪了一些。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

4 kit   

n.用具包，成套工具；随身携带物

参考例句：

• The kit consisted of about twenty cosmetic items.整套工具包括大约20种化妆用品。
• The captain wants to inspect your kit.船长想检查你的行装。

5 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

6 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

7 bumper   

n.(汽车上的)保险杠；adj.特大的，丰盛的

参考例句：

• The painting represents the scene of a bumper harvest.这幅画描绘了丰收的景象。
• This year we have a bumper harvest in grain.今年我们谷物丰收。

8 offset   

n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿

参考例句：

• Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。
• He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。

9 delta   

n.（流的）角洲

参考例句：

• He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
• The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。

10 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

11 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

12 lure   

n.吸引人的东西，诱惑物；vt.引诱，吸引

参考例句：

• Life in big cities is a lure for many country boys.大城市的生活吸引着许多乡下小伙子。
• He couldn't resist the lure of money.他不能抵制金钱的诱惑。

13 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

14 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

15 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 bloc   

n.集团；联盟

参考例句：

• A solid bloc of union members support the decision.工会会员团结起来支持该决定。
• There have been growing tensions within the trading bloc.贸易同盟国的关系越来越紧张。

17 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

19 musk   

n.麝香, 能发出麝香的各种各样的植物，香猫

参考例句：

• Musk is used for perfume and stimulant.麝香可以用作香料和兴奋剂。
• She scented her clothes with musk.她用麝香使衣服充满了香味。

20 hacked   

生气

参考例句：

• I hacked the dead branches off. 我把枯树枝砍掉了。
• I'm really hacked off. 我真是很恼火。

21 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。