2020年经济学人 一周要闻 全球旅游业进入大萧条 日产巨亏64亿美元 柯达股价飙涨2190%

The World Tourism Organisation¹ said that up to the end of May the industry saw a 56% fall in tourist arrivals, year on year, translating to $320bn in lost revenue, three times more than in 2009, during the financial crisis. Although tourism accounts for a much bigger part of the economy in smaller countries, a few big economies will feel the hit, too. Tourism is worth 7% of GDP in France and 12% in Spain; they are the number one and two destinations for holiday-makers.

世界旅游组织表示，截至5月底，旅游业的游客数量同比下降了56%，收入损失达3200亿美元，是2009年金融危机期间的三倍多。尽管旅游业在较小国家的经济中所占比重要大得多，但一些大经济体也会受到冲击。旅游业占法国国内生产总值的7%，占西班牙国内生产总值的12%；法国是游客首选的旅游地，其次是意大利。

Goldman Sachs reached an agreement with the government of Malaysia to settle criminal charges related to the 1MDB scandal. The bank will pay $2.5bn to the government and guarantee it receives at least another $1.4bn from 1mdb’s assets that have been seized by authorities around the world. Malaysia’s finance ministry³ said the settlement represented Goldman’s acknowledgment of misconduct by two former employees.

高盛(Goldman Sachs)与马来西亚政府达成协议，就与一马发展公司（1MDB）丑闻有关的刑事指控达成和解。该行将向政府支付25亿美元，并保证该银行至少还能从一马发展公司的资产中再拿到14亿美元，这些资产现被世界各国政府查扣。马来西亚财政部表示，和解表明高盛承认了两名前雇员的不当行为。

Nissan said it was on course to register an annual net loss of ￥670bn ($6.4bn); sales in the latest quarter dropped by half compared with the same three months last year. Like most carmakers, Nissan is reeling from plunging⁴ demand during the pandemic. Bucking⁵ that trend, PSA, the maker² of Peugeots and Citroens, reported a surprise profit for the first half of the year, even though revenues plummeted⁶.

日产表示，本财年公司将净亏损6700亿日元(64亿美元);与去年同期相比，最近一个季度的销售额下降了一半。与大多数汽车制造商一样，日产也因疫情期间需求骤降而深受困扰。与此相反，标致和雪铁龙汽车的制造商标致雪铁龙公布称，尽管收入大幅下降，但上半年的利润却出人意料。

Jaguar⁷ Land Rover appointed Thierry Bolloré as its new chief executive. Mr Bolloré was ousted⁸ as CEO of Renault in a bout⁹ of corporate¹⁰ bloodletting last October, when the carmaker was still reeling from the Carlos Ghosn scandal. He will join JLR in September.

捷豹路虎任命蒂埃里·博洛雷为新任首席执行官。博洛雷先生在去年10月的一次公司大换血中被撤销了雷诺首席执行官的职务，当时这家汽车制造商深受卡洛斯·戈恩丑闻的困扰。博洛雷将于9月份加入捷豹路虎。

The average age of cars on American roads has approached almost 12 years, and around a quarter are at least 16 years old, according to IHS Markit. That is the highest in two decades; in 2002 the average age was around 9.5 years.

根据IHS Markit的数据，美国公路上行驶的汽车平均使用年限已接近12年，约四分之一的汽车车龄至少为16年。这是20年来的最高水平；2002年，平均车龄约为9.5年。

It failed to foresee the digital revolution that overthrew¹¹ the market for camera film, but Kodak has been quick to seek out opportunities in the coronavirus crisis. The company signed a deal with the American government to make active pharmaceutical¹² ingredients for generic¹³ drugs with the support of a development loan, the first under a programme to boost domestic production in response to covid-19. In the days following the announcement Kodak’s stock rose by 2,190%.

柯达未能预见到颠覆相机胶卷市场的数字革命，但它迅速在冠状病毒危机中寻找机会。该公司与美国政府签署了一项协议，在一笔开发贷款的支持下，生产用于仿制药的活性药物成分。这是为应对新冠疫情而促进国内生产项目中的第一份协议。在声明发布后的几天里，柯达的股票上涨了2190%。

1 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

2 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

3 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

4 plunging   

adj.跳进的，突进的v.颠簸( plunge的现在分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降

参考例句：

• War broke out again, plunging the people into misery and suffering. 战祸复发，生灵涂炭。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• He is plunging into an abyss of despair. 他陷入了绝望的深渊。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 bucking   

v.（马等）猛然弓背跃起( buck的现在分词 )；抵制；猛然震荡；马等尥起后蹄跳跃

参考例句：

• a bucking bronco in the rodeo 牛仔竞技表演中一匹弓背跳跃的野马
• That means we'll be bucking grain bags, bustin's gut. 那就是说咱们要背这一袋袋的谷子，得把五脏都累坏。 来自辞典例句

6 plummeted   

v.垂直落下，骤然跌落( plummet的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. 股票价格暴跌到历史最低点。
• A plane plummeted to earth. 一架飞机一头栽向地面。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 jaguar   

n.美洲虎

参考例句：

• He was green with envy when he saw my new Jaguar car.看见我那辆美洲虎牌新车，他非常妒忌。
• Should you meet a jaguar in the jungle,just turn slowly,walk away.But slowly,never look back.你在丛林中若碰上美洲虎，就慢慢转身走开，可一定要慢，切莫回头看。

8 ousted   

驱逐( oust的过去式和过去分词 )； 革职； 罢黜； 剥夺

参考例句：

• He was ousted as chairman. 他的主席职务被革除了。
• He may be ousted by a military takeover. 他可能在一场军事接管中被赶下台。

9 bout   

n.侵袭，发作；一次(阵，回)；拳击等比赛

参考例句：

• I was suffering with a bout of nerves.我感到一阵紧张。
• That bout of pneumonia enfeebled her.那次肺炎的发作使她虚弱了。

10 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

11 overthrew   

overthrow的过去式

参考例句：

• The people finally rose up and overthrew the reactionary regime. 人们终于起来把反动的政权推翻了。
• They overthrew their King. 他们推翻了国王。

12 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

13 generic   

adj.一般的，普通的，共有的

参考例句：

• I usually buy generic clothes instead of name brands.我通常买普通的衣服，不买名牌。
• The generic woman appears to have an extraordinary faculty for swallowing the individual.一般妇女在婚后似乎有特别突出的抑制个性的能力。