2020年经济学人 查理曼专栏--针对时下土耳其局势,葛兰运动难辞其咎(2)

The Gulenists’ success was their undoing¹. By the early 2010s, they had amassed² enough power to pose a threat to Mr Erdogan. “There was a time when they virtually ruled Turkey,” says Gokhan Bacik, an academic formerly³ close to the movement, now living in exile. They overreached by trying to torpedo⁴ peace talks with Kurdish insurgents⁵, going after Turkey’s intelligence chief in 2012, and implicating⁶ Mr Erdogan in a corruption⁷ scandal the year after. Turkey’s strongman responded by declaring war on the cemaat and removing its loyalists from the bureaucracy. The purges⁸ went into overdrive after the coup⁹ attempt.

葛兰主义者的成功同样也是他们失败的原因。到21世纪10年代初，他们已经累积了足够的权力，足以对埃尔多安总统造成威胁。“曾经有一段时间，他们实际上已经统治了土耳其，”戈汗·巴西克说，他是一位曾经与葛兰运动关系密切的学者，现在流亡海外。葛兰主义者们贪功致败，他们试图破坏与库尔德叛乱分子的和谈，在2012年追杀土耳其情报局长，并在一年后将埃尔多安总统牵扯进一桩腐败丑闻中。作为回应，土耳其的这位独裁者向葛兰社群宣战，并将其效忠者驱逐出土耳其官僚机构。政变发生后，清剿进入了超速状态。

Much about the night of the putsch remains¹⁰ unclear. Some 250 people died in what resembled an army mutiny accompanied by a series of terror attacks more than a traditional coup. The official version, in which Gulenist sleeper¹¹ cells in the armed forces awoke to take over the country all on their own, seems as watertight as a teabag. To this day, Turkey’s government has not produced evidence of what the plotters planned to do once they seized power.The coup itself appears to have been the work of a small but diverse coalition¹². Yet there is no doubt that the Gulenists played a big part. At least some of the officers who directed the violence turned out to be graduates of the Gulen system.Two of the civilians¹³ involved appear to have seen Mr Gulen in America only days earlier. Analysts¹⁴ agree there is no chance Gulenist operatives would have acted without their leader’s approval. Mr Gulen denies involvement.

关于政变之夜的许多事情仍不清楚。相较于传统形式上的政变，这次政变更类似于一场军事政变，伴随着一系列的恐怖袭击，大约250人死亡。在官方版本中，蛰伏在武装部队中的葛兰主义者们突然爆发，独自接管了整个国家，这个说法似乎无懈可击。时至今日，土耳其政府还是没能拿出证据证明策划者在掌权之后的筹谋。政变本身像是一个小规模却多元化的联盟所为。然而毫无疑问，葛兰主义者起了很大作用。至少有一些指挥暴力的官员们是格兰系统的毕业生。两名涉案平民似乎在政变发生几天前才在美国见过葛兰。分析人士一致认为，没有领导人的批准，葛兰主义者是不可能采取行动的。葛兰否认参与此事。

Mr Erdogan and his ministers fume¹⁵ that foreigners do not appreciate the damage the Gulenists inflicted¹⁶ on Turkey. They are partly right. “In many European countries, people think that because Mr Erdogan is a dictator, anyone opposed to him must be a democrat,”says Bayram Balci, head of the French Institute of Anatolian Studies in Istanbul. That kind of logic¹⁷ plays into Mr Gulen’s hands and lets him masquerade as a dissident.

埃尔多安总统和他的部长们愤愤不平，因为外国人并未意识到葛兰主义者对土耳其造成的伤害。他们的想法一部分是对的。“在许多欧洲国家，人们认为，由于埃尔多安总统是独裁者，所以任何反对他的人都一定是民主人士，”伊斯坦布尔的法国安纳托利亚研究所负责人巴勒姆·巴尔奇表示。这种逻辑利于葛兰，并让他将自己伪装成持不同政见者。

1 undoing   

n.毁灭的原因，祸根；破坏，毁灭

参考例句：

• That one mistake was his undoing. 他一失足即成千古恨。
• This hard attitude may have led to his undoing. 可能就是这种强硬的态度导致了他的垮台。

2 amassed   

v.积累，积聚( amass的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He amassed a fortune from silver mining. 他靠开采银矿积累了一笔财富。
• They have amassed a fortune in just a few years. 他们在几年的时间里就聚集了一笔财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

4 torpedo   

n.水雷，地雷；v.用鱼雷破坏

参考例句：

• His ship was blown up by a torpedo.他的船被一枚鱼雷炸毁了。
• Torpedo boats played an important role during World War Two.鱼雷艇在第二次世界大战中发挥了重要作用。

5 insurgents   

n.起义，暴动，造反( insurgent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The regular troops of Baden joined the insurgents. 巴登的正规军参加到起义军方面来了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Against the Taliban and Iraqi insurgents, these problems are manageable. 要对付塔利班与伊拉克叛乱分子，这些问题还是可以把握住的。 来自互联网

6 implicating   

vt.牵涉，涉及（implicate的现在分词形式）

参考例句：

• He was in the public dock, confessing everything, implicating everybody. 他站在被告席上，什么都招认，什么人都咬。 来自英汉文学
• No one would have had me get out of the scrape by implicating an old friend. 无论什么人都不能叫我为了自己摆脱困难便把一个老朋友牵累到这案子里去。 来自辞典例句

7 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

8 purges   

清除异己( purge的名词复数 )； 整肃（行动）； 清洗； 泻药

参考例句：

• Mandelshtam perished in the purges of the 1930s, Akhmatova remained silent. 曼杰利什坦姆在30年代的清洗中死去，阿赫玛托娃也销声匿迹。
• He purges his subconscious and meditates only on God. 他净化他的潜意识且只思念上帝。

9 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

10 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

11 sleeper   

n.睡眠者，卧车，卧铺

参考例句：

• I usually go up to London on the sleeper. 我一般都乘卧车去伦敦。
• But first he explained that he was a very heavy sleeper. 但首先他解释说自己睡觉很沉。

12 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

13 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

14 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

15 fume   

n.(usu pl.)(浓烈或难闻的)烟，气，汽

参考例句：

• The pressure of fume in chimney increases slowly from top to bottom.烟道内压力自上而下逐渐增加，底层住户的排烟最为不利。
• Your harsh words put her in a fume.你那些难听的话使她生气了。

16 inflicted   

把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the home team. 他们使主队吃了一场很没面子的败仗。
• Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。

17 logic   

n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性

参考例句：

• What sort of logic is that?这是什么逻辑？
• I don't follow the logic of your argument.我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。