2020年经济学人 未上锁的世界(2)

Singapore, for instance, grew exponentially, and played a central role in the industrialisation of tin and rubber production in its maritime¹ hinterland of Malaysia. New Orleans rose in importance with the Mississippi riverboat steamer, only to decline as railway connections to Baltimore and New York changed the dynamics² of American trade once more. Trieste enjoyed a brief heyday³ as the Austro-Hungarian Empire’s main seaport⁴, before collapsing⁵ abruptly⁶ into romantic obscurity after 1918.

例如，新加坡以指数形式增长，并在其海洋腹地马来西亚的锡和橡胶生产工业化中发挥了核心作用。随着密西西比河蒸汽轮船的出现，新奥尔良的重要性开始上升，但随着与巴尔的摩和纽约的铁路连接再次改变了美国贸易的动态，新奥尔良的重要性也随之下降。的里雅斯特曾是奥匈帝国的主要海港，在1918年之后突然陷入莫名其妙的无名之中。

Mr Darwin takes globalisation to mean primarily “economic connectedness between different parts of the world”. That is a reasonable but limited definition, missing the ascent⁷ in the 19th century of ideologies⁸ such as nationalism and socialism that purported⁹ to explain social relations around the world. Rising sciences such as geology and palaeontology had a similarly broad scope. “Unlocking” the world, meanwhile, is a vivid metaphor¹⁰, but it implies a smooth, even inevitable¹¹ process. In reality the world’s doors were not just unlocked, but often kicked down. Mr Darwin knows this, and stresses the influence of geopolitics and imperialism¹², not just free trade as an abstract concept. But he might have depicted¹³ the footprints more graphically¹⁴.

达尔文认为全球化主要是指“世界不同地区之间的经济联系”。这是一个合理但有局限性的定义，遗漏了19世纪提出的上升概念，即旨在解释世界各地社会关系的民族主义和社会主义等意识形态。新兴的科学，如地质学和古生物学也有同样广泛的研究范围。“解锁”世界，是一个生动的比喻的同时，也意味着一个平稳，甚至不可避免的过程。事实上，世界的大门不仅没有上锁，而且经常被踢开。达尔文知道这一点，他强调了地缘政治和帝国主义的影响，而不仅仅是把自由贸易作为一个抽象概念。但他可能更生动地描绘了通往全球化的足迹。

Still, his book is an enjoyable synthesis of a large body of scholarship. He closes by remarking that today’s globalisation is not simply a bigger, faster version of what happened in the steam age. As in the early modern period, Asia is once again the workshop of the world. He wonders if there is another parallel, however. In 1914 the European-dominated global economic system seemed irresistible¹⁵. Then war intervened. Will a systemic crisis break the current cycle of globalisation, too?

不过，他的书生动有趣，综合了大量的学术研究。他最后说，如今的全球化不仅仅是蒸汽时代全球化的一个规模更大、更快的版本。与近代早期一样，亚洲再次成为世界工厂。然而，他想知道是否还有另一种类似的走向。1914年，欧洲主导的全球经济体系似乎势不可挡。然后因战争而受阻。那一场系统性的危机是否也会打破当前的全球化循环？

1 maritime   

adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的

参考例句：

• Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
• The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。

2 dynamics   

n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态

参考例句：

• In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
• Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

3 heyday   

n.全盛时期，青春期

参考例句：

• The 19th century was the heyday of steam railways.19世纪是蒸汽机车鼎盛的时代。
• She was a great singer in her heyday.她在自己的黄金时代是个了不起的歌唱家。

4 seaport   

n.海港，港口，港市

参考例句：

• Ostend is the most important seaport in Belgium.奥斯坦德是比利时最重要的海港。
• A seaport where ships can take on supplies of coal.轮船能够补充煤炭的海港。

5 collapsing   

压扁[平]，毁坏，断裂

参考例句：

• Rescuers used props to stop the roof of the tunnel collapsing. 救援人员用支柱防止隧道顶塌陷。
• The rocks were folded by collapsing into the center of the trough. 岩石由于坍陷进入凹槽的中心而发生褶皱。

6 abruptly   

adv.突然地，出其不意地

参考例句：

• He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car.他粗鲁地示意弗吉尼亚上车。
• I was abruptly notified that a half-hour speech was expected of me.我突然被通知要讲半个小时的话。

7 ascent   

n.(声望或地位)提高；上升，升高；登高

参考例句：

• His rapid ascent in the social scale was surprising.他的社会地位提高之迅速令人吃惊。
• Burke pushed the button and the elevator began its slow ascent.伯克按动电钮，电梯开始缓慢上升。

8 ideologies   

n.思想（体系）( ideology的名词复数 )；思想意识；意识形态；观念形态

参考例句：

• There is no fundamental diversity between the two ideologies. 这两种思想意识之间并没有根本的分歧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Radical ideologies require to contrast to their own goodness the wickedness of some other system. 凡是过激的意识形态，都需要有另外一个丑恶的制度作对比，才能衬托出自己的善良。 来自辞典例句

9 purported   

adj.传说的，谣传的v.声称是…，（装得）像是…的样子( purport的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• the scene of the purported crime 传闻中的罪案发生地点
• The film purported to represent the lives of ordinary people. 这部影片声称旨在表现普通人的生活。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 metaphor   

n.隐喻，暗喻

参考例句：

• Using metaphor,we say that computers have senses and a memory.打个比方，我们可以说计算机有感觉和记忆力。
• In poetry the rose is often a metaphor for love.玫瑰在诗中通常作为爱的象征。

11 inevitable   

adj.不可避免的，必然发生的

参考例句：

• Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
• The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

12 imperialism   

n.帝国主义，帝国主义政策

参考例句：

• They held the imperialism in contempt.他们鄙视帝国主义。
• Imperialism has not been able to subjugate China.帝国主义不能征服中国。

13 depicted   

描绘，描画( depict的过去式和过去分词 )； 描述

参考例句：

• Other animals were depicted on the periphery of the group. 其他动物在群像的外围加以修饰。
• They depicted the thrilling situation to us in great detail. 他们向我们详细地描述了那激动人心的场面。

14 graphically   

adv.通过图表；生动地，轮廓分明地

参考例句：

• This data is shown graphically on the opposite page. 对页以图表显示这些数据。
• The data can be represented graphically in a line diagram. 这些数据可以用单线图表现出来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 irresistible   

adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的

参考例句：

• The wheel of history rolls forward with an irresistible force.历史车轮滚滚向前，势不可挡。
• She saw an irresistible skirt in the store window.她看见商店的橱窗里有一条叫人着迷的裙子。