经济学人 美国陷经济寒冬,春天还有多远?(3)

But now even people in the most pro- Republican areas appear to be getting skittish¹, too. In the week before Thanksgiving attendance at South Dakotan recreationand- retail² was 8% lower than normal. The continued increase in coronavirus cases may partially³ explain this, but a rise in death rates may be more significant. Research by Austan Goolsbee and Chad Syverson, both of the University of Chicago, finds that local deaths from coronavirus have a big impact on a local economy, perhaps because they bring home the seriousness of the situation. Deaths lag behind cases, and the share of American counties with at least one death from coronavirus in the previous week is soaring. Surveys suggest that a growing share of people worry about catching⁴ the virus.

但现在，即使是最倾向共和党的地区的美国民众似乎也变得不安了。感恩节前一周，南达科他州娱乐和零售店的游客人数比平时低了8%。冠状病毒病例的持续增加可能部分地解释了这一点，但死亡率的上升可能是更为重要的因素。芝加哥大学的奥斯坦·古尔斯比和查德·西弗森的研究发现，当地的冠状病毒死亡人数对当地经济有很大影响，也许是因为死亡让人们认识到了形势的严峻。死亡人数落后于病例数，而前一周至少有一例冠状病毒死亡病例的美国郡县所占比例正在飙升。调查显示，越来越多美国民众担心感染病毒。

The economy will rise again once a vaccine⁵ becomes available. Roughly 40% of the country should be vaccinated⁶ by March, suggests a recent paper by Goldman Sachs, a bank, putting America behind only Britain in terms of the speed of the rollout. And the vaccine-induced boost could be bigger than many expect. So far the pandemic has left surprisingly few scars on America’s economy. Business bankruptcies⁷ and the number of people in long-term unemployment remain lower than during the financial crisis of 2007 to 09.

一旦疫苗问世，美国经济将再次复苏。高盛银行最近发表的一篇论文指出，美国大约40%的人口应该在3月前接种疫苗，在推广速度上，美国仅次于英国。而且疫苗引起的经济刺激可能比许多人预期的要大。到目前为止，这场大流行给美国经济留下的伤疤出人意料地少之又少。企业破产和长期失业人数仍低于2007-09年金融危机期间。

Until then there will be further drags on the economy. Two further provisions related to UI, one which expanded eligibility⁸ to include the self-employed and gig workers, and one which provided extra weeks of benefits for recipients⁹, are due to expire at the end of the year. A number of emergency lending programmes are also likely to end at that time. And the pandemic remains¹⁰ out of control. America, and especially its poorest folk, face a tough winter.

在此之前，美国经济将进一步受到拖累。另外两项与失业救济有关的规定将于年底到期，其中一项放宽了资格范围，将个体户和临时工作人员包括在内，另一项规定为受益人提供额外几周的补助金。一些紧急贷款方案也可能在那时结束。新冠大流行仍然无法控制。美国，尤其是最贫穷的美国人民，面临着一个艰难的寒冬。

1 skittish   

adj.易激动的，轻佻的

参考例句：

• She gets very skittish when her boy-friend is around.她男朋友在场时，她就显得格外轻佻。
• I won't have my son associating with skittish girls.我不准我的儿子与轻佻的女孩交往。

2 retail   

v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格

参考例句：

• In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
• These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。

3 partially   

adv.部分地，从某些方面讲

参考例句：

• The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
• The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静，宵禁部分解除。

4 catching   

adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住

参考例句：

• There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
• Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。

5 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

6 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

7 bankruptcies   

n.破产( bankruptcy的名词复数 )；倒闭；彻底失败；（名誉等的）完全丧失

参考例句：

• It's a matter of record that there were ten bankruptcies in the town last year. 去年这个城市有十家破产是事实。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Business bankruptcies rose 50 percent over the previous year. 破产企业的数量比前一年增加５０％。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

8 eligibility   

n.合格，资格

参考例句：

• What are the eligibility requirements? 病人被选参加试验的要求是什么？ 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望
• Eligibility for HINARI access is based on gross national income (GNI). 进入HINARI获取计划是依据国民总收入来评定的。

9 recipients   

adj.接受的；受领的；容纳的；愿意接受的n.收件人；接受者；受领者；接受器

参考例句：

• The recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者的姓名登在报上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The recipients of prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者名单登在报上。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

10 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。