美国国家公共电台 NPR 新一代的美国极端主义正在兴起

Now, the president who sought to overturn the election in 2020 is now out of power.

现在，试图推翻2020年选举的总统已经下台。

That means the president who tried to overturn the election has lost access to the levers of power.

这意味着试图推翻选举的总统失去了获得权力的手段。

He lost authority over the Pentagon and law enforcement and lost the presidential bully¹ pulpit.

他失去了对五角大楼和执法部门的权威，也失去了总统的天字第一号讲坛（白宫）

So it takes a moment to realize why some experts think democracy is in more danger now.

因此，需要一段时间才能明白，为什么一些专家认为民主现在处于更危险的境地。

Those who monitor extremist activities say that a portion of the population is more radicalized than a year ago.

那些监视极端主义活动的人士表示，一部分人比一年前更加激进。

So who exactly is warning that the United States may be in a much more dangerous place now than on January 6?

那么，究竟是谁在警告美国现在可能处于比1月6日更危险的境地呢?

I'm hearing this concern, Steve, from both democracy experts and people who've studied conflicts in places where ideologically² driven violence has taken root.

史蒂夫，我从民主专家和一些人士那里听到了这种担忧，他们研究的是意识形态驱动的暴力已经扎根的地方的冲突 。

And one of the most troubling developments they speak of is the growing number of Americans, particularly on the right, who feel that violence may be necessary to settle political differences.

他们谈到的最令人不安的事态发展之一是，越来越多的美国人，尤其是右翼人士，认为暴力可能是解决政治分歧的必要手段。

And the people holding these views look very different, Steve, from what the U.S. has traditionally known to be extremist threats.

史蒂夫，持有这些观点的人看起来与美国传统上认为的极端主义威胁非常不同。

You know, we're not talking about neo-Nazi skinheads or violent anti-government militias³ anymore.

我们现在说的不再是新纳粹光头党或是暴力反政府民兵。

We're talking about largely middle-class Americans with jobs, with families and who are starting to sympathize with views that have in the past been considered on the fringe.

我们谈论的主要是有工作、有家庭的中产阶级美国人，他们开始赞同过去被认为处于边缘地位的观点。

Here's how Robert Pape at the University of Chicago put it.

芝加哥大学的罗伯特·佩普是这么表示的。

We need to realize that this isn't just something to hand off to law enforcement and think, oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, just - you know, the FBI - this is just an FBI sort of problem.

我们需要意识到，这不仅仅是移交给执法部门的事情，你知道，联邦调查局，这只是联邦调查局的问题。

No, this is an all-hands-on-deck problem here.

不，这是全员参与的问题。

And that's why democracy is under challenge.

这就是民主面临挑战的原因。

Let's talk about the scope of that challenge.

让我们来谈谈这个挑战的范围。

Some of the people, some of the people who were arrested for attacking the Capitol one year ago today have since said, oh, gosh, I can't believe I did that;I didn't know what I was doing.

一些人，一些一年前的今天因为袭击国会大厦而被捕的人说，天哪，我不敢相信我做了那件事，我不知道我在做什么。

But it sounds like some other people have gone right on with their activities.

但这听起来像是其他一些人还是继续他们的活动。

That's true. And you know, more importantly, we've seen support for the activities that happened on January 6 really, you know, spread throughout the - a larger portion of the populace.

你知道，更重要的是，我们看到1月6日发生的活动获得了支持，你知道，这在更大一部分民众中得到了支持。

You know, immediately after January 6 last year, the movement kind of went underground.

你知道，去年1月6日之后，这个运动就转入地下了。

You'll remember, Steve, former President Trump⁴ was kicked off Twitter.

你应该记得，史蒂夫，前总统特朗普在推特上被除名了。

Some online spaces like Parler, where the far-right gather, disappeared, and things kind of went quiet.

一些像Parler这样的网络空间，极右翼分子聚集的地方，消失了，事情变得安静了。

But over the past year, we've seen a new strategy from some in the far-right to organize more offline, to decentralize activity to more local settings like school board meetings

但在过去的一年里，我们看到了一些极右分子的新策略，他们组织更多的线下活动，将活动分散到更本地的地方，比如学校董事会会议

and to latch⁵ on to more emotional sort of culture war issues that we've seen like racially inclusive education and vaccine⁶ mandates⁷.

他们抓住更情绪化的文化战争问题，比如我们看到的种族包容教育和疫苗授权。

And that's filtered up. You know, what we've seen really in the past year is a profound shift in American culture and politics.

这是过滤过的。你知道，在过去的一年里，我们真正看到的是美国文化和政治的深刻转变。

And this has made what would be described as extremism mainstream⁸?

这使得所谓的极端主义成为主流?

Well, yeah. I mean, we're seeing this blurring⁹ of mainstream and extreme now.

嗯,是的。我的意思是，我们现在看到了主流和极端边界的模糊。

I remember a few months ago, I spoke¹⁰ with an anti-fascist researcher who told me that she stopped doing her work because it's no longer as simple as researching neo-Nazis and white nationalists in her neighborhood.

我记得几个月前，我和一位反法西斯研究人员交谈，她告诉我，她停下了她的工作，因为这不再像研究她所在街区的新纳粹分子和白人民族主义者那么简单。

You know, she honestly didn't know what to do about suburban¹¹ moms who seemed to have been radicalized over issues like kids wearing masks in schools.

你知道，她真的不知道如何处理郊区的母亲，这些母亲似乎因为孩子们在学校戴口罩等问题而变得激进。

So the solution to this right now is going to have to be more holistic¹² than law enforcement, and it's not clear what that'll look like.

因此，目前解决这个问题的办法必须比执法更全面，而这将是什么样子还不清楚。

1 bully   

n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓；vt.威胁，欺侮

参考例句：

• A bully is always a coward.暴汉常是懦夫。
• The boy gave the bully a pelt on the back with a pebble.那男孩用石子掷击小流氓的背脊。

2 ideologically   

adv. 意识形态上地，思想上地

参考例句：

• Ideologically, they have many differences. 在思想意识上，他们之间有许多不同之处。
• He has slipped back ideologically. 他思想退步了。

3 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

4 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

5 latch   

n.门闩，窗闩；弹簧锁

参考例句：

• She laid her hand on the latch of the door.她把手放在门闩上。
• The repairman installed an iron latch on the door.修理工在门上安了铁门闩。

6 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

7 mandates   

托管（mandate的第三人称单数形式）

参考例句：

• Individual mandates would require all people to purchase health insurance. 个人托管要求所有人都要购买健康保险。
• While I agree with those benefits, I'm not a supporter of mandates. 我同意上述好处，我不是授权软件的支持者。

8 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

9 blurring   

n.模糊，斑点甚多，（图像的）混乱v.（使）变模糊( blur的现在分词 )；（使）难以区分

参考例句：

• Retinal hemorrhage, and blurring of the optic dise cause visual disturbances. 视网膜出血及神经盘模糊等可导致视力障碍。 来自辞典例句
• In other ways the Bible limited Puritan writing, blurring and deadening the pages. 另一方面，圣经又限制了清教时期的作品，使它们显得晦涩沉闷。 来自辞典例句

10 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

11 suburban   

adj.城郊的，在郊区的

参考例句：

• Suburban shopping centers were springing up all over America. 效区的商业中心在美国如雨后春笋般地兴起。
• There's a lot of good things about suburban living.郊区生活是有许多优点。

12 holistic   

adj.从整体着眼的，全面的

参考例句：

• There is a fundamental ambiguity in the use of word "whole" in recent holistic literature.在近代的整体主义著作中，“整体”这个词的用法极其含混。
• In so far as historicism is technological,its approach is not piecemeal,but "holistic".仅就历史决定论是一种技术而论，它的方法不是渐进的，而是“整体主义的”。