美国国家公共电台 NPR 美大法官退休 拜登提名黑人女性

Back when he was a U.S. senator, Joe Biden led the judiciary committee.

乔·拜登担任美国参议员时曾领导司法委员会。

And he presided over several Supreme¹ Court nominations².

他还主持了几次最高法院的提名。

One of those hearings was in 1994 for then-nominee Stephen Breyer.

其中一场听证会是在1994年为当时的提名人斯蒂芬·布雷耶举行的。

More than a quarter-century later, Breyer is retiring.

25年后，布雷耶即将退休。

And Biden will name his replacement³.

拜登将任命他的继任者。

Another liberal justice will not change the ideological⁴ dynamic of the high court.

另一个自由派法官不会改变高等法院的意识形态动态。

But the president does have a chance to replace an 83-year-old justice with one who may serve for decades.

但总统确实有机会用可能任职数十年的大法官取代83岁的大法官。

Who might that be?

那会是谁呢？

I guess the president has already said one thing about who he might nominate.

关于他可能提名的人，我想总统已经说了一件事。

So who are the possibilities here?

那么，这里有哪些可能性呢？

Yeah. He promised that if he got a chance to, he would nominate a Black woman to the Supreme Court.

嗯。他承诺，如果有机会，他将提名一名黑人女性进入最高法院。

That's something that Congressman⁵ Jim Clyburn had urged Biden to do during the Democratic primaries.

这是国会议员吉姆·克莱本在民主党初选期间敦促拜登做的事情。

And Press Secretary Jen Psaki said yesterday Biden is going to stick to this promise.

新闻秘书珍·普萨基昨天表示，拜登将信守这一承诺。

The two names that come up are U.S. Court of Appeals Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson. She is the front-runner.

美国上诉法院法官凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊出现在这两个名字中。她是领先者。

And she was recently elevated to the seat formerly⁶ held by Attorney General Merrick Garland in the federal courts.

她最近在联邦法院被提升到原由司法部长梅里克·加兰德担任的职位。

She got 53 votes last summer, which means three Republicans voted for her as well.

去年夏天，她获得了53张选票，这意味着也有3名共和党人投票支持她。

Jackson has been on the federal bench since 2013.

杰克逊自2013年以来一直担任联邦法官。

The other name that comes up is California Justice Leondra Kruger.

另一个出现的名字是加州大法官莱昂德拉·克鲁格。

And look; as you mentioned, when it comes to the raw numbers, this pick would not change the court that much.

你看，就像你提到的，当涉及到原始数字时，这个选择不会对法院造成太大的改变。

It would still be a 6-3 conservative majority.

保守党仍然是6比3的多数。

But this justice would be just the third Black person to sit on the court, the first Black woman.

但这位法官将是最高法院的第三位黑人法官，也是第一位黑人女性法官。

It would bring the number of sitting female justices to an all-time high of four, nearly half the bench.

这将使在任的女性大法官人数达到历史最高，达到4人，几乎占到最高法官人数的一半。

And worth pointing out, both Jackson and Kruger are relatively⁷ young.

值得一提的是，杰克逊和克鲁格都比较年轻。

Jackson's in her early 50s. Kruger's in her mid-40s.

杰克逊50岁出头。克鲁格已经40多岁了。

Either could serve on the court for decades.

这两个人都可以在法庭上效力几十年。

We haven't actually heard, though, from Justice Breyer.

不过，我们实际上还没有得到布雷耶大法官的消息。

So how does this all unfold?

那么这一切是如何展开的呢？

So NPR and other outlets⁸ are reporting that Breyer is going to make an announcement at the White House today.

据NPR和其他媒体报道，布雷耶今天将在白宫发表声明。

But it's been interesting. The White House has been pretty quiet about this, at least publicly.

但这很有趣。白宫对此一直相当沉默，至少在公开场合是这样。

And they're refusing to say much about this vacancy⁹ to the point where there's no event with Breyer on Biden's public schedule yet.

他们拒绝透露太多关于这个空缺的信息，以至于拜登的公开日程中还没有与布雷耶有关的活动。

Here's how Biden talked about this yesterday.

以下是拜登昨天是如何谈到这一点的。

There has been no announcement from Justice Breyer.

布雷耶大法官还没有宣布这一消息。

Let him make whatever statement he's going to make.

他想说什么就让他说吧。

And I'll be happy to talk about it later.

我很乐意稍后再谈这件事。

So the key question I think I have is how quickly Biden moves here.

所以我想我的关键问题是拜登会多快采取行动。

We've seen a lot of tension lately between Joe Biden, the longtime D.C.

我们看到乔·拜登与华盛顿最近关系紧张。

Institutionalist, and the Joe Biden who's trying to deal with this more entrenched¹⁰ and hyper-political and partisan¹¹ modern Senate, you know, a place where, for instance, this would probably be a party line vote no matter what - or mostly.

制度主义者，乔·拜登，他试图应对权力更加根深蒂固的、极端政治的和党派林立的现代参议院，你知道，在这个地方，比如，无论如何或大多数情况下这都可能是党派路线投票。

So this is an interesting test case.

所以这是一个有趣的测试案例。

Does this longtime judiciary committee chair take time, deliberate, have long interviews with contenders, really think this out - or move quickly and try to get some momentum¹² going to get this seat filled?

这位长期担任司法委员会主席的人是否需要时间、深思熟虑、与竞争者进行长时间的面试，真的想清楚这一点-还是迅速采取行动，试图获得一些动力来填补这个席位？

The next question once Biden names a justice, of course, is how quickly the Senate takes it up.

当然，一旦拜登任命了一名大法官，下一个问题是参议院有多快就会处理这个问题。

Yeah. And this is interesting and indicates that Biden's Senate allies do want him to move very quickly.

是的。有趣的是，这表明拜登在参议院的盟友确实希望他迅速采取行动。

According to our colleague, Kelsey Snell, Majority Leader Chuck Schumer wants to move fast.

据我们的同事凯尔西·斯内尔说，多数党领袖查克·舒默想要快速行动。

And his office has floated the very quick timeline that Amy Coney Barrett was confirmed on ahead of the 2020 election, which is just over a month.

他的办公室提出了艾米·科尼·巴雷特在2020年大选前确认的非常快速的时间表，距离2020年大选只有一个月多一点的时间。

But look; the theme of the year when we've talked about the Senate - in a 50-50 Senate, aspirational¹³ goals are very rarely a reality.

但看; 今年我们谈到参议院时的主题是——在50-50的参议院中，雄心勃勃的目标很少会成为现实。

A lot of senators could weigh in on this timeline.

许多参议员可能会在这一时间表上发表意见。

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 nominations   

n.提名，任命( nomination的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Nominations are invited for the post of party chairman. 为党主席职位征集候选人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Much coverage surrounded his abortive bids for the 1960,1964, and 1968 Republican Presidential nominations. 许多消息报道都围绕着1960年、1964年和1968年他为争取提名为共和党总统候选人所做努力的失败。 来自辞典例句

3 replacement   

n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品

参考例句：

• We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
• They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。

4 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

5 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

6 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

7 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

8 outlets   

n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店

参考例句：

• The dumping of foreign cotton blocked outlets for locally grown cotton. 外国棉花的倾销阻滞了当地生产的棉花的销路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They must find outlets for their products. 他们必须为自己的产品寻找出路。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 vacancy   

n.（旅馆的）空位，空房，（职务的）空缺

参考例句：

• Her going on maternity leave will create a temporary vacancy.她休产假时将会有一个临时空缺。
• The vacancy of her expression made me doubt if she was listening.她茫然的神情让我怀疑她是否在听。

10 entrenched   

adj.确立的，不容易改的(风俗习惯)

参考例句：

• Television seems to be firmly entrenched as the number one medium for national advertising.电视看来要在全国广告媒介中牢固地占据头等位置。
• If the enemy dares to attack us in these entrenched positions,we will make short work of them.如果敌人胆敢进攻我们固守的阵地，我们就消灭他们。

11 partisan   

adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒

参考例句：

• In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中，他们忘掉一切党派之争。
• The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。

12 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。

13 aspirational   

志同的，有抱负的

参考例句：

• Most of the images that bombard us all are aspirational. 轰击的图像，我们都期望最大。
• Analysts said self-help and aspirational reading could explain India's high figures. 分析师们指出，自助读书、热爱读书是印度人均读书时间超过别的国家的主要原因。