国家地理 女性是如何改变卢旺达的(5)

Justine Uvuza led the legal division of the Ministry¹ of Gender² and Family Promotion³ and was tasked with, among other things, identifying gender-discriminatory laws to be amended⁴ or repealed⁵, such as a law that forbade women from working at night. Another law not only prohibited women from entering the diplomatic corps⁷, but said a woman was "part of the property" of a man who became a diplomat⁶. Changes in Rwanda's laws also established a Gender Monitoring Office to promote and oversee⁸ gender-equality initiatives. Women in parliament lobbied for laws against gender-based violence that criminalized marital⁹ rape¹⁰, and amended the succession law in 2016 to allow childless widows to inherit a spouse's property.

贾斯丁·尤扎负责性别和家庭关系促进部门的法务，除了日常日常工作，她还要判断哪些涉及性别歧视的法律是需要进行修改的，比如禁止女性在晚上工作的法律。还有一部法律不仅禁止女性进入外交部门，还说女性是男性外交官财产的一部分。卢旺达法律的改变同样也促成了性别监督办公室的建立，它被用来推动和监督性别平等事业。国会的女性四处游说，要求制定反对性别暴力和婚内强奸的法律，她们还要求在-2016年修订继承法，允许没有孩子的寡妇继承配偶的财产。

The post-genocide changes came about in large part because of the absence of men, but as human rights lawyer Karekezi says, also "because of a political vision." Women were rewarded for refusing to shelter men, including kinsmen¹¹, who were involved in the genocide, and for testifying against their rapists. The pro-women policies, Karekezi says, also recognized a woman's precolonial role in decision-making, when the country's kings were counseled by their mothers and when rural women held communities together while men were away with grazing livestock¹².

大屠杀之后发生的变革是因为男性的缺失，但是正如人权律师卡雷克奇说的，同样也是因为政治远见。女性因为没有包庇那些参与了屠杀的男性，包括包庇她们的亲属以及站出来指证那些强奸犯而获得了奖赏。卡雷克奇说，这些有利于女性的政策显示了女性在决策过程中的主要地位，在这种环境下国王的母亲可以对他们提意见，农村男性在外饲养牲畜，女性管理社区。

Rwanda's values and expectations for women, at least in the public realm, have changed in a generation. As more women like Rubagumya have entered the government's ranks, their impact has been inspirational in addition to shaping laws and policies. Agnes Nyinawumuntu, 39, is president of a 160-member women's coffee-growing cooperative high in the lush hills of the eastern Kayonza district. Before the genocide, she says, the list of things women couldn't do, including coffee growing, was long. "There was only one activity for us: to be pregnant and have kids." Nyinawumuntu has five, and although her husband also works in agriculture, she's the primary breadwinner. Seeing women in parliament, she says, "gives us confidence and pride. I see that if I work, I can get far. That's why some of us became local leaders."

卢旺达对女性价值的判断和期待在一个世纪内，至少在公共领域，发生了巨大的改变。随着更多的像卢巴高米亚这样的女性进入政府机构，包括修订法律和政策，她们在很多其他领域的影响都非常鼓舞人心。艾格尼丝·尼纳乌门图今年39岁，她在东卡拥扎镇一座树木茂盛的山上种植咖啡，在一家有160名成员的女性咖啡种植公司担任总裁。她说，在屠杀发生前，女性不能做的事情的单子非常长，其中还包括咖啡种植。“我们能做的只有一件事，怀孕生子。”她现在有五个孩子，尽管她的丈夫也从事农业，但她才是家中的顶梁柱。她说，看到别的女性进入国会，“这给了我们自信也让我们骄傲。我认识到只要我努力工作我就可以走的更远。这就是为什么我们中的一些人成为了当地的领导。”

1 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

2 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

3 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

4 Amended   

adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
• He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。

5 repealed   

撤销，废除( repeal的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The Labour Party repealed the Act. 工党废除了那项法令。
• The legislature repealed the unpopular Rent Act. 立法机关废除了不得人心的租借法案。

6 diplomat   

n.外交官，外交家；能交际的人，圆滑的人

参考例句：

• The diplomat threw in a joke, and the tension was instantly relieved.那位外交官插进一个笑话，紧张的气氛顿时缓和下来。
• He served as a diplomat in Russia before the war.战前他在俄罗斯当外交官。

7 corps   

n.(通信等兵种的)部队；(同类作的)一组

参考例句：

• The medical corps were cited for bravery in combat.医疗队由于在战场上的英勇表现而受嘉奖。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

8 oversee   

vt.监督，管理

参考例句：

• Soldiers oversee the food handouts.士兵们看管着救济食品。
• Use a surveyor or architect to oversee and inspect the different stages of the work.请一位房产检视员或建筑师来监督并检查不同阶段的工作。

9 marital   

adj.婚姻的，夫妻的

参考例句：

• Her son had no marital problems.她的儿子没有婚姻问题。
• I regret getting involved with my daughter's marital problems;all its done is to bring trouble about my ears.我后悔干涉我女儿的婚姻问题, 现在我所做的一切将给我带来无穷的烦恼。

10 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

11 kinsmen   

n.家属，亲属( kinsman的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Kinsmen are less kind than friends. 投亲不如访友。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• One deeply grateful is better than kinsmen or firends. 受恩深处胜亲朋。 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学

12 livestock   

n.家畜，牲畜

参考例句：

• Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
• The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。