国家地理 女性是如何改变卢旺达的(6)

Rwanda's gender¹-sensitive legal and policy framework and number of women in power are impressive, but the data also conceal² a deeper, messier truth about the limits of legislating³ change.

卢旺达对性对性别敏感的法律和政策的数量、女性当权者的数量都很庞大，但是数据隐藏了一个更深处、更加混乱的真相，那就是修改的法律的有限性。

Rwandan women didn't fight for their rights in the streets; they achieved them through legislative⁴ action, expecting that reform would trickle⁵ down and permeate⁶ society. Yet neither Rubagumya, the parliamentarian, nor Uvuza, former head of the Ministry⁷ of Gender and Family Promotion's legal division, believe society has changed so much that the 30 percent quota⁸ is no longer necessary to ensure a robust⁹ female parliamentary presence.

卢旺达的女性并不上街为她们的权益而斗争，她们通过立法来实现自己的目的，希望改革可以慢慢改变这个社会。而不论是国会议员卢巴高米亚，还是前性别和家庭关系促进部门的法务负责人尤扎，都不认为社会已经改造完成，她们也不认为保证女性成员在国会中占比百分之三十不再必要。

"We are not yet there 100 percent," Rubagumya says. "Mind-set changing is not something that happens overnight." That much is clear in gender relations within families, which Uvuza says have not changed as much as the government policies. Uvuza, whose doctoral dissertation¹⁰ examined the public and private lives of Rwanda's female parliamentarians, says a Rwandan woman's power, no matter how vast in public, still stops at her front door: "The men are not changing from the old ways."

“我们还没有占到百分之百，”卢巴高米亚说。“意识上的改变并不是一夜之间就能完成的。”尤扎说，家庭中的性别关系就足以说明这一点，因为家庭关系并没有向政府的政策那样得到改变。尤扎的博士论文调查了卢旺达女性国会议员的公众生活和私生活，她说不管一位女性官员的权力在大众面前有多大，她仍然改变不了在家庭的地位：“因为男性并没有改变他们过去的行事方式。”

1 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

2 conceal   

v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽

参考例句：

• He had to conceal his identity to escape the police.为了躲避警方，他只好隐瞒身份。
• He could hardly conceal his joy at his departure.他几乎掩饰不住临行时的喜悦。

3 legislating   

v.立法，制定法律( legislate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Why are the senators sitting there without legislating? 为什么那些议员们做在那里不立法？ 来自互联网
• From legislating and protecting peasant's interests organizationally. " 从立法和组织上保护农民利益。 来自互联网

4 legislative   

n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的

参考例句：

• Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
• Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

5 trickle   

vi.淌，滴，流出，慢慢移动，逐渐消散

参考例句：

• The stream has thinned down to a mere trickle.这条小河变成细流了。
• The flood of cars has now slowed to a trickle.汹涌的车流现在已经变得稀稀拉拉。

6 permeate   

v.弥漫，遍布，散布；渗入，渗透

参考例句：

• Water will easily permeate a cotton dress.水很容易渗透棉布衣服。
• After a while it begins to permeate through your skin.过了一会，它会开始渗入你的皮肤。

7 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

8 quota   

n.（生产、进出口等的）配额，（移民的）限额

参考例句：

• A restricted import quota was set for meat products.肉类产品设定了进口配额。
• He overfulfilled his production quota for two months running.他一连两个月超额完成生产指标。

9 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

10 dissertation   

n.（博士学位）论文，学术演讲，专题论文

参考例句：

• He is currently writing a dissertation on the Somali civil war.他目前正在写一篇关于索马里内战的论文。
• He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation.他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文。