经济学人:印尼的酒 禁酒之争

 　　Asia

　　亚洲

　　Alcohol in Indonesia

　　印尼的酒

　　Dry Talk: Debating A Ban on Booze.

　　禁酒之争。

　　ONE of Indonesia’s newest brands of beer, Prost, traces its ancestry¹ back to 1948 when Chandra Djojonegoro, a businessman, started selling a “health tonic²”, known as Anggur Orang Tua, from the back of a bright-blue lorry at night markets in the coastal³ city of Semarang.

　　Prost是印尼的最新啤酒品牌的之一，其源头可以追溯到1948年，在港口城市三宝垄的夜市上，一个名为Chandra Djojonegoro的商人在货车车斗里开始出售一种称为“Anggur Orang Tua”的“保健品”。

　　A troupe⁴ of dancing dwarves⁵ would pull in the punters, while Djojonegoro peddled⁶ shots of what was, in essence, a fortified⁷ herbal wine to fishermen.

　　一群跳舞的侏儒会拦住船夫们，让Djojonegoro将这些强化版草药酒兜售给渔夫们。

　　It kept them warm during the chilly⁸ nights in the Java Sea.

　　这种酒得以让他们在爪哇海的寒夜里保持温暖。

　　The tonic is still sold in bottles with distinctive⁹ labels depicting¹⁰ an old Chinese man with a thick white beard.

　　如今这种补酒仍然以瓶装出售，并且带有独特的标签——一个长着厚厚白胡子的中国老人。

　　The company that makes it now produces a vast range of consumer goods, and Prost beer is the latest addition to its range.

　　它的公司现在生产着多种多样的消费品，而Prost啤酒是最新产品。

　　It is made in a $50m brewery¹² that opened in August 2015, filled with shiny stainless-steel machinery¹³ from Germany.

　　生产Prost的这个耗资5000万美元的啤酒厂于2015年8月建成，里面是闪闪发亮的不锈钢德国机器。

　　Thomas Dosy, chief executive of the subsidiary that produces Prost, says that given Orang Tua’s history in the booze business it was natural for the company to move into Indonesia’s $1bn-a-year beer market.

　　生产Prost酒的子公司的首席执行官Thomas Dosy表示，从Orang Tua酒经营的历史看，进入印度尼西亚的年消费额十亿美元的啤酒市场是自然而然的事。

　　It will not be straightforward¹⁴.

　　但这将不是一件简单的事情。

　　Conservative Muslim groups have become more assertive¹⁵.

　　保守派穆斯林组织态度变得更加强硬。

　　Only months before the brewery opened, the government slapped a ban on the sale of beer at the small shops where most people buy their groceries.

　　在酿酒厂开工的短短数月前，政府颁布法令禁止在小商店里出售啤酒，而那里是大部分人购买日常用品的地方。

　　It led to a 13% slump¹⁶ in sales, according to Euromonitor, a research firm.

　　负责调查研究的欧睿公司称，这项禁令已经导致销售业绩下滑了13%。

　　The government minister who issued the decree has since been sacked, but his ban remains¹⁷ in place.

　　宣布这一禁令的政府官员已下台，但这项禁令依然存在。

　　And Muslim parties in parliament are still not satisfied.

　　而国会中的穆斯林政党仍不满意。

　　They are pushing legislation that would ban the production, distribution and consumption of all alcoholic¹⁸ beverages¹⁹.

　　他们正在推进立法，要求禁止生产、分销和购买所有酒精饮料。

　　Drinkers could face two years in jail.

　　饮酒者可能会面临两年监禁。

　　The law is unlikely to pass.

　　这条法令不太可能会通过。

　　Muslim parties control less than one-third of the legislature’s seats.

　　因为穆斯林政党在立法机构仅占不到三分之一的席位。

　　The government is proposing a far more limited law aimed at curbing²⁰ the production of toxic²¹ home-brews, known as oplosan, which are responsible for nearly all alcohol-related deaths in Indonesia.

　　政府正提出一个范围更有限的法案，其旨在遏制人们生产有毒的自酿酒，在印尼，几乎所有的酒精致死事件都与自酿酒有关。

　　Turning Indonesia dry would be seen by many people as an affront²² to the cultural diversity of the sprawling²³ archipelago, which has large Buddhist²⁴, Christian²⁵ and Hindu minorities, as well as many Muslims who are partial to a cool one.

　　在很多人看来，印尼禁酒是对这个群岛国家文化多样性的公然挑战，因为这里有佛教、基督教、少数印度教，同时还有很多得到偏爱的穆斯林教徒。

　　Brewers argue that alcohol is not an import from the decadent²⁶ West, as the puritans often claim, but has been produced and consumed in Indonesia for at least 700 years.

　　酿酒商认为，酒不是像清教徒声称的堕落的西方的舶来品，它已经在印度尼西亚生产和消费了700年以上。

　　“It is part of the culture of Indonesia,” says Michael Chin, chief executive of Multi Bintang, the country’s biggest brewer¹¹.

　　印尼最大的啤酒商星星啤酒公司的董事长Michael Chin说：“喝酒是印尼文化的一部分。”

　　Indonesians consume less than one litre of alcohol per head a year, belying²⁷ Muslim groups’ claims that booze is creating a health crisis.

　　印尼每年人均喝不到一公升酒，与穆斯林团体声称的酒正在损害人们的健康不符。

　　Still, even without a national prohibition²⁸, Islamists will push for local bans—such as the one in force in Aceh since 2005 and adopted elsewhere.

　　但是，就算没有国家禁令，伊斯兰教徒们也会推动地方立法禁酒，就像那个从2005年开始先在亚齐省生效，然后推广到各处的法令一样。

　　Beyond booze, the state-backed council of clerics, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) , has in recent years passed edicts condemning²⁹ everything from homosexual partnerships³⁰ to the wearing of Santa hats.

　　受政府支持的印度尼西亚伊斯兰学者理事会近年来还通过了一系列的法令谴责除酒以外的很多事情，从同性恋关系到戴圣诞帽都有涉及。

　　Although these have no legal force under Indonesia’s secular³¹ constitution, vigilantes have sometimes used the edicts to target revellers as well as religious and sexual minorities.

　　虽然这些法令在印度尼西亚的世俗宪法之下并没有法律效力，但是义警会时常利用这些法令去攻击一些喝酒狂欢的人、宗教少数群体和性少数群体。

　　Partly at the MUI's urging, parliament has passed sweeping³² anti-pornography laws, which some Indonesians see as a threat to artistic³³ and cultural liberties.

　　一定程度上来说，正是在伊斯兰学者理事会的督促下，国会通过了大量的反色情法，这些法律被一些印度尼西亚人视为对艺术自由和文化自由的威胁。

　　Muslim groups are petitioning the courts to interpret the law in a way that would criminalise extramarital sex.

　　穆斯林团体还要求法院将婚外性行为按有罪处理。

　　They are also making more use of laws against blasphemy—notably in the trial against the governor of Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, a Christian of Chinese descent.

　　他们还越来越多地利用反渎神的法律，尤其是在起诉雅加达省长钟万学一案中,钟万学是一名华裔基督教徒。

　　Still, for a country with the world’s largest Muslim population, Indonesia is remarkably³⁴ permissive.

　　尽管如此，印度尼西亚作为全世界穆斯林人口最多的国家还是相当的宽容的。

　　Night spots in Jakarta, the capital, and tourist magnets such as the island of Bali have their raunchy sides.

　　在首都雅加达的夜总会或者巴厘岛这样的游客聚集地也有很多粗俗的方面。

　　In Semarang, Mr Dosy predicts steady growth in domestic sales of 8-9% per year, buoyed³⁵ by a growing number of middle-class tipplers.

　　在三宝垄，Dosy先生预测国内销售受日益壮大的中产阶级贪杯客的影响，将以每年8%—9%的速度平稳增长。

　　Most Indonesians, proud of their tradition of tolerance³⁶, will be hoping that he is right.

　　许多印度尼西亚人对他们宽容的传统非常骄傲，也希望他是对的。

　　1.be known as 被称为

　　例句:She is known as a great beauty.

　　她是出了名的大美女。

　　2.steady growth 稳步增长

　　例句:A steady growth in the popularity of two smaller parties may upset the polls

　　两个较小政党的支持率稳步上升，可能会打乱投票结果。

　　3.middle-class 中产阶级

　　例句:She came from a stable, comfortable, middle-class family.

　　她出身于一个收入稳定、生活宽裕的中产阶级家庭。

　　4.legal force 法律效力

　　例句:Binding³⁷ is the legal force to impose UN resolutions on the Member States.

　　约束力是指联合国决议对成员国具有法律效力。

1 ancestry   

n.祖先，家世

参考例句：

• Their ancestry settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
• He is an American of French ancestry.他是法国血统的美国人。

2 tonic   

n./adj.滋补品，补药，强身的，健体的

参考例句：

• It will be marketed as a tonic for the elderly.这将作为老年人滋补品在市场上销售。
• Sea air is Nature's best tonic for mind and body.海上的空气是大自然赋予的对人们身心的最佳补品。

3 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

4 troupe   

n.剧团，戏班；杂技团；马戏团

参考例句：

• The art troupe is always on the move in frontier guards.文工团常年在边防部队流动。
• The troupe produced a new play last night.剧团昨晚上演了一部新剧。

5 dwarves   

n.矮子( dwarf的名词复数 )；有魔法的小矮人

参考例句：

• Everyone will try to claim it: Men, Dwarves, wizards. 每个种族都会争取它的拥有权：人类，矮人，巫师。 来自电影对白
• Have you learned nothing of the stubbornness of Dwarves? 难道你还不了解那个矮人的倔强吗？ 来自电影对白

6 peddled   

（沿街）叫卖( peddle的过去式和过去分词 )； 兜售； 宣传； 散播

参考例句：

• He has peddled the myth that he is supporting the local population. 他散布说他支持当地群众。
• The farmer peddled his fruit from house to house. 那个农民挨家挨户兜售他的水果。

7 fortified   

adj. 加强的

参考例句：

• He fortified himself against the cold with a hot drink. 他喝了一杯热饮御寒。
• The enemy drew back into a few fortified points. 敌人收缩到几个据点里。

8 chilly   

adj.凉快的，寒冷的

参考例句：

• I feel chilly without a coat.我由于没有穿大衣而感到凉飕飕的。
• I grew chilly when the fire went out.炉火熄灭后，寒气逼人。

9 distinctive   

adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的

参考例句：

• She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
• This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。

10 depicting   

描绘，描画( depict的现在分词 )； 描述

参考例句：

• a painting depicting the Virgin and Child 一幅描绘童贞马利亚和圣子耶稣的画
• The movie depicting the battles and bloodshed is bound to strike home. 这部描写战斗和流血牺牲的影片一定会取得预期效果。

11 brewer   

n. 啤酒制造者

参考例句：

• Brewer is a very interesting man. 布鲁尔是一个很有趣的人。
• I decided to quit my job to become a brewer. 我决定辞职，做一名酿酒人。

12 brewery   

n.啤酒厂

参考例句：

• The brewery had 25 heavy horses delivering beer in London.啤酒厂有25匹高头大马在伦敦城中运送啤酒。
• When business was good,the brewery employed 20 people.在生意好的时候，这家酿造厂曾经雇佣过20人。

13 machinery   

n.(总称)机械，机器；机构

参考例句：

• Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗？
• Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。

14 straightforward   

adj.正直的，坦率的；易懂的，简单的

参考例句：

• A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.巧言不如直说。
• I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。

15 assertive   

adj.果断的，自信的，有冲劲的

参考例句：

• She always speaks an assertive tone.她总是以果断的语气说话。
• China appears to have become more assertive in the waters off its coastline over recent years.在近些年，中国显示出对远方海洋的自信。

16 slump   

n.暴跌，意气消沉，（土地）下沉；vi.猛然掉落，坍塌，大幅度下跌

参考例句：

• She is in a slump in her career.她处在事业的低谷。
• Economists are forecasting a slump.经济学家们预言将发生经济衰退。

17 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

18 alcoholic   

adj.（含）酒精的，由酒精引起的；n.酗酒者

参考例句：

• The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
• Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。

19 beverages   

n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 控制酒类销售的法规
• regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 含酒精饮料的销售管理条例

20 curbing   

n.边石，边石的材料v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Progress has been made in curbing inflation. 在控制通货膨胀方面已取得了进展。
• A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. 为了抑制通货膨胀实施了一系列的政策。

21 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

22 affront   

n./v.侮辱，触怒

参考例句：

• Your behaviour is an affront to public decency.你的行为有伤风化。
• This remark caused affront to many people.这句话得罪了不少人。

23 sprawling   

adj.蔓生的，不规则地伸展的v.伸开四肢坐[躺]( sprawl的现在分词 )；蔓延；杂乱无序地拓展；四肢伸展坐着（或躺着）

参考例句：

• He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV. 他伸开手脚坐在电视机前的一张扶手椅上。
• a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇

24 Buddhist   

adj./n.佛教的，佛教徒

参考例句：

• The old lady fell down in adoration before Buddhist images.那老太太在佛像面前顶礼膜拜。
• In the eye of the Buddhist,every worldly affair is vain.在佛教徒的眼里，人世上一切事情都是空的。

25 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

26 decadent   

adj.颓废的，衰落的，堕落的

参考例句：

• Don't let decadent ideas eat into yourselves.别让颓废的思想侵蚀你们。
• This song was once banned, because it was regarded as decadent.这首歌曾经被认定为是靡靡之音而被禁止播放。

27 belying   

v.掩饰，与…不符，使…失望；掩饰( belie的现在分词 )；证明（或显示）…为虚假；辜负；就…扯谎

参考例句：

• Belying its simple graphic design, a T-shirt is now a symbolic medium for designers. 在T恤上面充满简洁的设计，现在已经成为设计师的一个符号化的媒介。 来自互联网
• Gordon Brown, belying his clunking image, has brought tech-savvy communications staff into Downing Street. 布朗已经把精通技术的通讯工作人员带到的唐宁街。 来自互联网

28 prohibition   

n.禁止；禁令，禁律

参考例句：

• The prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.禁止酒后开车将会减少许多死亡事故。
• They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟。

29 condemning   

v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地

参考例句：

• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。
• I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done. 我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

30 partnerships   

n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 )；合伙人身份；合作关系

参考例句：

• Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句

31 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

32 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

33 artistic   

adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的

参考例句：

• The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
• These artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。

34 remarkably   

ad.不同寻常地，相当地

参考例句：

• I thought she was remarkably restrained in the circumstances. 我认为她在那种情况下非常克制。
• He made a remarkably swift recovery. 他康复得相当快。

35 buoyed   

v.使浮起( buoy的过去式和过去分词 )；支持；为…设浮标；振奋…的精神

参考例句：

• Buoyed by their win yesterday the team feel confident of further success. 在昨天胜利的鼓舞下，该队有信心再次获胜。
• His encouragement buoyed her up during that difficult period. 他的鼓励使她在那段困难时期恢复了乐观的情绪。 来自《简明英汉词典》

36 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

37 binding   

有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的

参考例句：

• The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
• Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。