2022年经济学人 硅谷Theranos公司创始人欺诈罪名成立

The world this week -- Business

本周国际要闻——商业

Following a three-month trial a jury in Silicon¹ Valley found Elizabeth Holmes guilty of intentionally² deceiving investors³ in Theranos, a startup she founded that had promised to revolutionise medicine by detecting disease from just a few drops of blood.

经过三个月的庭审，硅谷的一个陪审团裁定伊丽莎白·霍姆斯故意欺骗Theranos投资者的罪名成立。Theranos是她创立的一家初创公司，曾承诺通过几滴血就能检测出疾病，从而彻底改变医学。

The jury was told that Ms Holmes knew that the firm’s core technology was faulty, and lied about its prospects⁴.

陪审团被告知，霍姆斯女士知道该公司的核心技术存在缺陷，并对其前景撒谎。

At Theranos’s zenith, in her black turtlenecks giving a TED⁵ talk, Ms Holmes symbolised the self-assured culture of tech startups.

在Theranos的巅峰时期，霍姆斯身穿黑色高领毛衣在TED发表演讲，那时她是科技初创企业自信文化的象征。

She will be sentenced later.

她将在之后被判刑。

Turkey’s annual inflation rate soared in December to 36%, up from 21% the previous month.

土耳其12月份的年通货膨胀率从上个月的21%飙升至36%。

The country’s currency has slumped⁶, falling by 44% against the dollar in 2021, mostly as a result of Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s unorthodox economic policy of badgering the central bank to cut interest rates.

该国货币暴跌，2021年兑美元下跌44%，这主要是由雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安的非正统经济政策——即要求央行降息——造成的。

All this has only fuelled inflation in Turkey, which is dependent on imported energy and goods.

所有这一切只是加剧了土耳其的通胀，因为土耳其依赖进口能源和商品。

The cost of transport was up by 54% in December, year on year, and food and drink by 44%.

去年12月，交通成本同比上涨54%，食品和饮料价格同比上涨44%。

Toyota sold more cars in the United States than General Motors in 2021, the first time that gm has lost the annual crown of America’s biggest carseller since the early 1930s.

2021年，丰田在美国的汽车销量超过了通用汽车，这是通用汽车自上世纪30年代初以来首次失去美国最大汽车销售商的年度桂冠。

The Detroit giant was hit particularly hard by the global shortage of computer chips, causing it to curtail⁷ production sharply.

全球电脑芯片短缺对这家底特律巨头的打击尤为严重，导致该公司大幅减产。

Its Japanese rival had stockpiled chips, leaving it ready to take advantage of rising demand for new cars when pandemic restrictions⁸ eased.

它的日本竞争对手已经储备了芯片，这使其做好了准备，在疫情限制放松期间充分利用了人们对新车不断增长的需求。

Toyota says it does not expect to be America’s king of the roads in 2022.

丰田表示，它预计在2022年还不会成为美国的道路之王。

With investors adjusting to expectations of a faster pace of interest-rate rises, stockmarkets had a wobbly week.

随着投资者对加息步伐加快的预期进行调整，股市经历了动荡的一周。

Tech stocks were hit hard; the Nasdaq had its worst start to a new year since 2008.

科技股受到重创；纳斯达克指数迎来了自2008年以来最糟糕的新年开局。

Shares in airlines and the wider travel industry fared better as fears receded⁹ that Omicron would shut borders again.

随着对奥米克戎会令边境再次关闭的担忧消退，航空公司和更广泛的旅游业的股票表现更好。

Last year also saw a few frights in the markets, but overall the S&P 500 was up by 27% over the 12 months, the Nasdaq by 21% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average by 19%.

去年市场也出现了一些恐慌，但总体而言，标准普尔500指数在12个月内上涨了27%，纳斯达克指数上涨了21%，道琼斯工业平均指数上涨了19%。

In Europe the Stoxx 600 ended December 22% higher than when it opened in January.

在欧洲，斯托克600指数12月收盘时比1月开盘时高出22%。

Apple became the first company to reach $3trn in market capitalisation.

苹果成为第一家市值达到3万亿美元的公司。

It was a brief moment, as its value fell back amid the rout¹⁰ in tech stocks.

这是一个短暂的时刻，因为它的股价在科技股暴跌中回落。

The company’s share price has more than tripled since the depths of the pandemic in March 2020.

自2020年3月疫情最严重的时期以来，该公司的股价已经上涨了两倍多。

1 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

2 intentionally   

ad.故意地，有意地

参考例句：

• I didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。
• The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所，因此没有资格再获得提供住房。

3 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

4 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

5 ted   

vt.翻晒，撒，撒开

参考例句：

• The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
• She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。

6 slumped   

大幅度下降，暴跌( slump的过去式和过去分词 )； 沉重或突然地落下[倒下]

参考例句：

• Sales have slumped this year. 今年销售量锐减。
• The driver was slumped exhausted over the wheel. 司机伏在方向盘上，疲惫得睡着了。

7 curtail   

vt.截短，缩短；削减

参考例句：

• The government hopes to curtail public spending.政府希望缩减公共事业开支。
• The minister had to curtail his visit.部长不得不缩短访问日期。

8 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

9 receded   

v.逐渐远离( recede的过去式和过去分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题

参考例句：

• The floodwaters have now receded. 洪水现已消退。
• The sound of the truck receded into the distance. 卡车的声音渐渐在远处消失了。

10 rout   

n.溃退，溃败；v.击溃，打垮

参考例句：

• The enemy was put to rout all along the line.敌人已全线崩溃。
• The people's army put all to rout wherever they went.人民军队所向披靡。