2022年经济学人 英国食品价格飙升 继续推动通货膨胀

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Markets reacted positively¹ to the British government’s decision to scrap² most of its unfunded tax cuts.

英国政府决定取消大部分无资金准备的减税措施，市场对此反应积极。

The yield on 30-year gilts³ fell back to around 4.2%, still higher than it was just before the mini-budget spooked investors⁴ in late September.

30年期英国国债的收益率回落至4.2%左右，仍高于9月底迷你预算令投资者恐慌之前的水平。

The pound traded around $1.12, not far off its lows in recent days.

英镑兑美元汇率约为1英镑兑1.12美元，接近最近几天的低点。

Jeremy Hunt, the new chancellor⁵, is reportedly mulling windfall taxes on banks and energy companies to help plug a fiscal⁶ gap still worth tens of billions of pounds.

据报道，新任财政大臣杰里米·亨特正在考虑对银行和能源公司征收暴利税，以帮助填补仍高达数百亿英镑的财政缺口。

Big cuts to public spending are also in the offing.

即将会大幅削减公共支出。

The Bank of England said it would start selling the bonds it has accumulated through its quantitative-easing programmes on November 1st, but only short- and medium-dated gilts and not bonds with a maturity⁷ of more than 20 years, which saw the sharpest sell-off in the recent turmoil⁸.

英国央行表示，将于11月1日开始出售通过量化宽松计划积累的债券，但只出售中短期国债，而非期限超过20年的国债，这些债券在最近的动荡中遭遇了最严重的抛售。

The central bank started buying longer-maturity bonds in late September to calm markets, but after two weeks that programme has now ended.

英国央行在9月下旬开始购买限期较长期债券以安抚市场，但两周后，这一计划已经结束。

Britain’s annual inflation rate rose in September, hitting 10.1% (the level it was at in July).

英国的年度通货膨胀率在9月份上升，达到10.1%(与7月份持平)。

Food prices made the largest contribution to inflation between August and September.

在8月到9月间，食品价格是造成通货膨胀的主要原因。

They have risen by 14.6% over the past year.

在过去的一年里，食品价格上涨了14.6%。

Although that was the biggest jump since 1980, staples⁹ like milk and butter were up by even more, some 30%.

尽管这是自1980年以来的最大涨幅，但牛奶和黄油等主要食品的涨幅更大，涨幅约为30%。

Energy costs were up by 70%, as gas prices nearly doubled over the year.

能源成本上涨了70%，天然气价格在过去一年几乎翻了一番。

There is no sign of the cost-of-living crisis receding¹⁰ for British households.

没有迹象表明英国家庭的生活成本危机正在消退。

A raft of earnings¹¹ from America’s big banks showed a decline in profits as rocky markets took a toll¹² on their lucrative¹³ investment-banking¹⁴ business.

美国各大银行的巨额收益显示，由于动荡的市场对利润丰厚的投资银行业务造成了影响，它们的利润有所下降。

But at Goldman Sachs, where net income was down by 43%, year on year, another problem is its expansion into retail¹⁵ banking.

但在净利润同比下降43%的高盛，另一个问题是其向零售银行业务的扩张。

Its boss, David Solomon, announced another reorganisation of the bank, splitting up its consumer business by rolling its savings¹⁶ and wealth products into asset-management and putting lending into a new division called Platform.

高盛的老板大卫·所罗门宣布了另一项银行重组计划，通过将储蓄和财富产品并入资产管理，并将贷款业务并入一个名为“平台”的新部门，从而拆分了消费业务。

Swiss Re estimated that its claims from Hurricane Ian would come in at $1.3bn, causing a quarterly loss of $500m.

瑞士再保险公司估算，飓风“伊恩”造成的索赔将达到13亿美元，造成5亿美元的季度亏损。

The reinsurance company reckons the total insured market loss from the storm, which hit west Florida in September, would be between $50bn and $65bn.

这家再保险公司估计，去年9月袭击佛罗里达州西部的这场风暴给保险市场造成的总损失将在500亿至650亿美元之间。

That could make it the second-most costly¹⁷ hurricane for insurers, behind Katrina in 2005.

飓风“伊恩”可能成为令保险公司损失第二大的飓风，仅次于2005年的飓风“卡特里娜”。

The International Energy Agency said that, “defying expectations”, global carbon-dioxide emissions¹⁸ are expected to grow by only 1% this year.

国际能源署表示，“出乎预期”，今年全球二氧化碳排放量预计仅增长1%。

The increase would have been much larger, it said, if it were not for the take-up of renewable energy and electric cars.

国际能源署称，如果不是可再生能源和电动汽车的使用，该增幅将会更大。

1 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。

2 scrap   

n.碎片；废料；v.废弃，报废

参考例句：

• A man comes round regularly collecting scrap.有个男人定时来收废品。
• Sell that car for scrap.把那辆汽车当残品卖了吧。

3 gilts   

n.镀金[银]材料，金[银]色涂层( gilt的名词复数 )；高度可靠的证券，金边证券；除去诱人的外表；让人扫兴

参考例句：

• They planned to have the gilts farrow down about the end of this month. 他们计划让母猪约在本月底下仔。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• As bank base rates rise, the price of gilts falls. 如果银行基本利率上升，国债的价格就下跌。 来自互联网

4 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

5 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

6 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

7 maturity   

n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期

参考例句：

• These plants ought to reach maturity after five years.这些植物五年后就该长成了。
• This is the period at which the body attains maturity.这是身体发育成熟的时期。

8 turmoil   

n.骚乱，混乱，动乱

参考例句：

• His mind was in such a turmoil that he couldn't get to sleep.内心的纷扰使他无法入睡。
• The robbery put the village in a turmoil.抢劫使全村陷入混乱。

9 staples   

n.（某国的）主要产品( staple的名词复数 )；钉书钉；U 形钉；主要部份v.用钉书钉钉住( staple的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The anvil onto which the staples are pressed was not assemble correctly. 订书机上的铁砧安装错位。 来自辞典例句
• I'm trying to make an analysis of the staples of his talk. 我在试行分析他的谈话的要旨。 来自辞典例句

10 receding   

v.逐渐远离( recede的现在分词 )；向后倾斜；自原处后退或避开别人的注视；尤指问题

参考例句：

• Desperately he struck out after the receding lights of the yacht. 游艇的灯光渐去渐远，他拼命划水追赶。 来自辞典例句
• Sounds produced by vehicles receding from us seem lower-pitched than usual. 渐渐远离我们的运载工具发出的声似乎比平常的音调低。 来自辞典例句

11 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

12 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

13 lucrative   

adj.赚钱的，可获利的

参考例句：

• He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。
• It was not a lucrative profession.那是一个没有多少油水的职业。

14 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

15 retail   

v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格

参考例句：

• In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
• These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。

16 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

17 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

18 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。