纪录片《狗狗秘闻》 34从狗身上找出疾病的原因

Dr Karlsson is part of

卡森教授是2005年狗基因组

the team that in 2005 mapped the dog genome,

绘制团队的成员

All 2.4 billion letters of the dog's DNA¹ code.

这种狗的DNA码　有24亿个字母

Once we had the dog genome sequence,

一旦我们知道了基因组序列

we could design a gene² chip, which would allow us to compare

我们就可以设计基因芯片　让我们可以

all of our sick dogs and our healthy dogs

把那些生病的狗和健康的狗做比较

and find the genes³ that are causing diseases.

找到那些引起疾病的基因

Using a genotyping machine, Dr. Karlsson

利用基因分型设备　卡森博士

is able to simultaneously⁴ analyse thousands of regions of DNA

可以同时分析取自生病的 和健康的拳师狗

From boxers⁵ with and without cardiomyopathy.

的数千个区域的DNA

What you see when you compare sick dogs to healthy dogs

把生病的狗和健康的狗相比较

and go across the genome from chromosome⁶ one

从染色体一比较

to chromosome two and across is that most of the points

到染色体二 看到大多数的点

are right near zero and there's not a lot

都很接近零 就是说在病狗和健康狗之间

of differences between the healthy dogs and the sick dogs,

这些基因没有明显的不同

Until you get to chromosome 17, and there

直到我们看到染色体17的地方

all of a sudden you have a huge number of differences.

这里的数据突然出现了很大的差别

This is exciting, because this means

这很让人兴奋　因为这意味着

this is the region of the

正是基因组的这个区域

genome that holds the gene causing our disease.

含有引起疾病的基因

Karlsson's team have honed

卡森的团队锁定这个区域

in on this region to pinpoint⁷ the exact gene.

精确的找到了致病基因

We've found a gene related to sudden cardiac death.

我们发现了一种与心脏病猝死有关的基因

We think there's another one

我们认为还会有另外一个基因

because we haven't told the whole story yet.

因为我们还不能完全解释病症是如何发生的

But we think we know what the

但是我们相信

mutation⁸ is in that gene causing the disease.

那个基因的突变导致了这类疾病

Now the mutation has been identified,

现在突变的基因找到了

the team have been able

这个团队可以着手

to locate the corresponding gene in humans.

在人类身上定位类似的基因

It's accelerated a process that,

这样就加速了整个过程

without dogs, could have taken decades.

而如果没有狗狗　这可能要花费数十年时间

1 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

2 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

3 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

4 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

5 boxers   

n.拳击短裤；（尤指职业）拳击手( boxer的名词复数 )；拳师狗

参考例句：

• The boxers were goaded on by the shrieking crowd. 拳击运动员听见观众的喊叫就来劲儿了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The boxers slugged it out to the finish. 两名拳击手最后决出了胜负。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 chromosome   

n.染色体

参考例句：

• Chromosome material with exhibits of such behaviour is called heterochromatin.表现这种现象的染色体物质叫做异染色质。
• A segment of the chromosome may become lost,resulting in a deletion.染色体的一个片段可能会丢失，结果产生染色体的缺失。

7 pinpoint   

vt.准确地确定；用针标出…的精确位置

参考例句：

• It is difficult to pinpoint when water problems of the modern age began.很难准确地指出，现代用水的问题是什么时候出现的。
• I could pinpoint his precise location on a map.我能在地图上指明他的准确位置。

8 mutation   

n.变化，变异，转变

参考例句：

• People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
• So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止，严格来讲，讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。