纪录片《狗狗秘闻》 27培育温顺狗的过程

What this shows is that when you select

结论表明　在挑选的(实验对象)时候

against aggression¹,

除去那些攻击性强的个体

You get almost all the same suite² of

再来把狗和狼的繁殖实验进行比较

changes that you see when you compare dogs to wolves.

可以看出它们几乎有着相同的变化

American anthropologist³, professor Brian Hare

美国人类学家布莱恩·海尔教授

has visited the breeding programme in siberia.

参观了这个位于西伯利亚的繁殖项目

He believes it shows that if you select for tameness,

他相信　如果挑选那些温顺的个体

changes in appearance will naturally follow.

那么培育出的幼崽外表也会跟着变化

I think the surprise when thinking about dog origins is that

想到狗的起源　我觉得令人惊讶的是　

there's so many ways that dogs are different from wolves.

现在的狗和狼会有这么多的差异

So is it that you had to

那是不是说人们必须

select for each of these traits individually?

逐一筛选每一个特质呢

Well, the answer

然而　从狐狸繁殖的结论中

from the fox work is no.

可以得出答案是否定的

If you just select for behaviour,

如果你以行为特征作为筛选的条件

a lot of the morphological

那么很多狼和狗之间的不同形态

and physiological⁴ changes between wolves and dogs, get dragged along.

和生理特征也会随之改变

You end up with this crazy variance⁵, you know

最终 你会看到它们令人惊讶的变化

floppy⁶ ears, curly tails, you know,

比如松软下垂的耳朵　弯曲的尾巴

all these other things that are really cute to talk about.

还有其他人们认为可爱的特征

So you get a lot of stuff

因此　人们会得到很多额外的特质

for free when you select against aggression.

而原因只是选择了不具攻击性的品种

It's enabled him to draw some

这让他对驯养过程的研究

surprising conclusions about the process of domestication⁷.

得到了一些意外的收获

1 aggression   

n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害

参考例句：

• So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
• Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。

2 suite   

n.一套(家具)；套房；随从人员

参考例句：

• She has a suite of rooms in the hotel.她在那家旅馆有一套房间。
• That is a nice suite of furniture.那套家具很不错。

3 anthropologist   

n.人类学家，人类学者

参考例句：

• The lecturer is an anthropologist.这位讲师是人类学家。
• The anthropologist unearthed the skull of an ancient human at the site.人类学家在这个遗址挖掘出那块古人类的颅骨。

4 physiological   

adj.生理学的，生理学上的

参考例句：

• He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
• Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。

5 variance   

n.矛盾，不同

参考例句：

• The question of woman suffrage sets them at variance. 妇女参政的问题使他们发生争执。
• It is unnatural for brothers to be at variance. 兄弟之间不睦是不近人情的。

6 floppy   

adj.松软的，衰弱的

参考例句：

• She was wearing a big floppy hat.她戴了顶松软的大帽子。
• Can you copy those files onto this floppy disk?你能把那些文件复制到这张软盘上吗？

7 domestication   

n.驯养，驯化

参考例句：

• The first was the domestication of animals. 第一个阶段是驯养动物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• In northwestern China, there is no evidence for endemic domestication of any animals. 在中国西北，没有任何当地动物驯化的迹象。 来自辞典例句