美国学生历史 第183期:民众的反映(1861年)(1)

 Chapter 37 The rising of the peoples,1861 第37章 民众的反映（1861年）

380. Lincoln's Inauguration¹. 380．林肯宣誓就职

On March 4, 1861, President Lincoln made his first inaugural² address. 1861年3月4日，林肯总统发表首次就职演说，

In it he declared: "The Union is much older than the Constitution… No state upon its own motion can lawfully³ get out of the Union… 他在演说中称："联邦比《宪法》要古老得多……没有哪一个州可以根据自己的议案合法地从联邦退出……

In view of the Constitution and the laws the Union is unbroken… 按照《宪法》和法律联邦没有解体……

I shall take care that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in all the states." 我将用心保证各个州都忠实地执行联邦的法律。

As to slavery, he had "no purpose … to interfere⁴ with the institution of slavery in the states where it exists." "对于奴隶制，他"无意于干涉各州的奴隶制"，

He even saw no objection to adopt an amendment⁵ of the Constitution to prohibit the Federal government from interfering⁶ with slavery in the states. 他甚至不反对修正《宪法》以禁止联邦政府干涉各州的奴隶制。

But he was resolved to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States. 但是，林肯下定决心保护、捍卫美国《宪法》，并为之辩护。

381. Fall of Fort Sumter, April, 1861. 381．萨穆特要塞失陷（1861年4月）

The strength of Lincoln's resolve was soon tested. 很快就可以知道林肯的决心有多大。

When South Carolina seceded⁷, Major Anderson, commanding the United States forces at Charleston, withdrew from the land forts to Fort Sumter, built on a shoal in the harbor. 当南卡罗莱纳州退出联邦时，统帅查理斯顿美国军队的梅杰o安德森从陆地堡垒撤退到萨穆特要塞，这个要塞建在港口的浅滩上，

He had with him only eighty fighting men and was sorely in need of food and ammunition⁸. 他只有80名战士而且非常需要食物和弹药，

Buchanan sent a steamer, the Star of the West, to Charleston with supplies and soldiers. 布坎南派出"西部之星号"汽艇载着士兵和给养赶往查理斯顿，

1 inauguration   

n.开幕、就职典礼

参考例句：

• The inauguration of a President of the United States takes place on January 20.美国总统的就职典礼于一月二十日举行。
• Three celebrated tenors sang at the president's inauguration.3位著名的男高音歌手在总统就职仪式上演唱。

2 inaugural   

adj.就职的；n.就职典礼

参考例句：

• We listened to the President's inaugural speech on the radio yesterday.昨天我们通过无线电听了总统的就职演说。
• Professor Pearson gave the inaugural lecture in the new lecture theatre.皮尔逊教授在新的阶梯讲堂发表了启用演说。

3 lawfully   

adv.守法地，合法地；合理地

参考例句：

• Lawfully established contracts shall be protected by law. 依法成立的合同应受法律保护。 来自口语例句
• As my lawfully wedded husband, in sickness and in health, till death parts us. 当成是我的合法丈夫，无论疾病灾难，直到死亡把我们分开。 来自电影对白

4 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

5 amendment   

n.改正，修正，改善，修正案

参考例句：

• The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
• The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。

6 interfering   

adj. 妨碍的 动词interfere的现在分词

参考例句：

• He's an interfering old busybody! 他老爱管闲事！
• I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions. 我希望我母亲不再干预，让我自己拿主意。

7 seceded   

v.脱离，退出( secede的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The Republic of Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903. 巴拿马共和国于1903年脱离哥伦比亚。
• One of the states has seceded from the federation. 有一个州已从联邦中退出。 来自辞典例句

8 ammunition   

n.军火，弹药

参考例句：

• A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition.几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。
• They have expended all their ammunition.他们把弹药用光。