美国国家公共电台 NPR 菅义伟拒绝任命6名学术候选人引争端 被批践踏学术自由

Japan's new prime minister has been in office for about two months, and he's having some problems. Critics are accusing him of trampling¹ on academic freedoms. This is a rare charge in Asia's oldest democracy, and many Japanese people think it's a bad sign for his administration. Here's NPR's Anthony Kuhn from Seoul.

日本新首相已上任两个月，现在他遇到了一些问题。批评者指责他践踏学术自由。这在日本这个亚洲最古老的民主国家是相当罕见的事情，许多日本人认为这对他的政府来说是不祥的征兆。NPR新闻的安东尼·库恩将从首尔带来详细报道。

ANTHONY KUHN, BYLINE²: During World War II, Japan's government forced scientists to cooperate in developing an atom bomb. After the war, the Science Council of Japan was established to make sure this did not happen again. It's independent from the government, and its members, including scholars in both the sciences and humanities, have pledged not to participate in military research. By law, council members nominate new scholars to the group, and then the prime minister appoints them as a sort of formality.

安东尼·库恩连线：二战期间，日本政府强迫科学家合作研发原子弹。二战结束后，日本科学委员会成立，目的是确保这种事情不会再次发生。该委员会独立于政府，其成员包括科学界和人文学科的学者，他们承诺不参与军事研究。根据法律，委员会成员提名新的学者加入这个组织，然后首相进行任命，而任命只是走个形式。

But Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga declined to appoint Professor Takaaki Matsumiya of Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto and five others to the council. Matsumiya says it's a blow to the rule of law.

但是首相菅义伟拒绝任命京都立命馆大学的松宫孝明教授和其他5人进入委员会。松宫孝明表示，这是对法治的打击。

TAKAAKI MATSUMIYA: (Speaking Japanese).

松宫孝明：（用日语讲话）。

KUHN: "If this is repeated," he says, "the prime minister will be able to appoint all public servants at his discretion³. That's a dictatorship."

库恩：他说，“如果这种情况反复发生，首相将能够自行任命所有公务员。而这是独裁统治。”

Matsumiya is a criminal law expert. In 2017, he testified in Parliament against a bill proposed by Suga's predecessor⁴, Shinzo Abe. The bill was supposed to prevent terrorism, but Matsumiya said it could be used to curtail⁵ civil liberties. The five other scholars whom Suga declined to appoint have also criticized Abe's national security legislation. Matsumiya says the prime minister's refusal to appoint the scholars has chilling implications.

松宫孝明是刑法专家。2017年，他在国会作证，反对菅义伟的前任安倍晋三提出的法案。这项法案原本旨在防止恐怖主义，但松宫孝明认为，它可以用来限制公民自由。菅义伟拒绝任命的另外5名学者也批评了安倍的国家安全法案。松宫孝明表示，首相拒绝任命这些学者具有可怕的影响。

MATSUMIYA: (Speaking Japanese).

松宫孝明：（用日语讲话）。

KUHN: "It means that a scholar who does not follow the policies of the current administration," he says, "cannot become a member of the Science Council."

库恩：他表示，“这意味着不遵守现任政府政策的学者不能成为科学委员会的成员。”

He says scholars may now have to th???ink twice before speaking their minds.

他表示，现在学者在表达自己的想法之前可能要三思而后行。

MATSUMIYA: (Speaking Japanese).

松宫孝明：（用日语讲话）。

KUHN: "Especially in Japan," he says, "there's a tendency to see which way the wind is blowing before speaking out, and I'm worried that this tendency will spread to scientists and scholars."

库恩：他表示，“尤其是在日本，在发表言论之前，人们倾向于看风向，我担心这种趋势会蔓延到科学家和学者身上。”

Japanese citizens have protested in Tokyo in support of the scholars. Some 500 Japanese academic societies have issued statements opposing Suga's decision. Opposition⁶ lawmaker Yukio Edano grilled⁷ Suga about the matter at a parliamentary hearing last month.

日本公民在东京举行抗议，支持这些学者。大约500个日本学术团体发表声明反对菅义伟的决定。反对党议员枝野幸男在上个月举行的国会听证会上就此事询问了菅义伟。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

YUKIO EDANO: (Speaking Japanese).

枝野幸男：（用日语讲话）。

KUHN: "Who made this decision, based on what information and standards," he said. "What is the reason for not appointing them?"

库恩：他问道，“是谁做出这个决定的？基于何种信息和标准？不任命他们的理由是什么？”

The House speaker shushed jeering⁸ lawmakers before Suga responded.

在菅义伟做出回答之前，众议院议长让发出嘲笑声的议员安静下来。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

PRIME MINISTER YOSHIHIDE SUGA: (Speaking Japanese).

首相菅义伟：（用日语讲话）。

KUHN: "I will refrain from answering about individual appointments," he said, "because it's a personnel matter." Suga argues that he's under no obligation to appoint anyone.

库恩：他表示，“我不会回答有关个人任命的问题，因为这是人事问题。”菅义伟认为他没有义务任命任何人。

The Science Council scandal appears to have contributed to an 11% drop in Suga's approval ratings after just a month in office, according to a Nikkei poll.

日本经济新闻的一项民意调查显示，科学委员会的丑闻似乎导致菅义伟上任一个月后的支持率下降了11%。

Ellis Krauss, a Japan expert at the University of California, San Diego, says that Suga, who managed Japan's bureaucracy for eight years under Shinzo Abe, actually got off to a pretty good start as prime minister.

加州大学圣地亚哥分校的日本问题专家埃利斯·克劳斯表示，安倍晋三担任首相期间，菅义伟管理了日本官僚机构8年，他作为日本首相的开局相当不错。

ELLIS KRAUSS: Very surprising 'cause he has no charisma⁹. He's a backstage guy to Abe.

埃利斯·克劳斯：这相当令人惊讶，因为他没有魅力。他是安倍的幕后工作者。

KUHN: Krauss says Suga's refusal to appoint these scholars has made him look petty and vindictive¹⁰ and put him in a debacle of his own making.

库恩：克劳斯表示，菅义伟拒绝任命这些学者使他看起来心胸狭窄，怀有报复心，继而令他陷入了自己造成的灾难之中。

KRAUSS: It doesn't make any sense from a political point of view that you pick on an issue that the public didn't care about, and you undermine some of your own new popularity.

克劳斯表示，从政治角度来说这没有任何意义，因为他选择了一个公众并不关心的问题，而且还导致自已的声望受损。

KUHN: Even worse, he adds, the ruling Liberal Democratic Party has doubled down on its position and launched a review of the Science Council's role.

库恩：他补充说，更糟糕的是，执政党自民党更加坚定了自已的立场，开始对科学委员会的作用进行审查。

Anthony Kuhn, NPR News, Seoul.

NPR新闻，安东尼·库恩首尔报道。

1 trampling   

踩( trample的现在分词 )； 践踏； 无视； 侵犯

参考例句：

• Diplomats denounced the leaders for trampling their citizens' civil rights. 外交官谴责这些领导人践踏其公民的公民权。
• They don't want people trampling the grass, pitching tents or building fires. 他们不希望人们踩踏草坪、支帐篷或生火。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 discretion   

n.谨慎；随意处理

参考例句：

• You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。
• Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。

4 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

5 curtail   

vt.截短，缩短；削减

参考例句：

• The government hopes to curtail public spending.政府希望缩减公共事业开支。
• The minister had to curtail his visit.部长不得不缩短访问日期。

6 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

7 grilled   

adj. 烤的, 炙过的, 有格子的 动词grill的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• He was grilled for two hours before the police let him go. 他被严厉盘查了两个小时后，警察才放他走。
• He was grilled until he confessed. 他被严加拷问，直到他承认为止。

8 jeering   

adj.嘲弄的，揶揄的v.嘲笑( jeer的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Hecklers interrupted her speech with jeering. 捣乱分子以嘲笑打断了她的讲话。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He interrupted my speech with jeering. 他以嘲笑打断了我的讲话。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 charisma   

n.(大众爱戴的)领袖气质，魅力

参考例句：

• He has enormous charisma. He is a giant of a man.他有超凡的个人魅力，是个伟人。
• I don't have the charisma to pull a crowd this size.我没有那么大的魅力，能吸引这么多人。

10 vindictive   

adj.有报仇心的，怀恨的，惩罚的

参考例句：

• I have no vindictive feelings about it.我对此没有恶意。
• The vindictive little girl tore up her sister's papers.那个充满报复心的小女孩撕破了她姐姐的作业。