美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国众议院通过3万亿美元经济纾困法案

Democrats² say the $3 trillion coronavirus aid bill that was approved last week in the House ismeant to meet the needs of everyday Americans. Republicans say that same bill is a partisanattempt to enact⁴ a longstanding wish list of Democrats' policy priorities. Progressive Democratsdon't exactly dispute that, as NPR congressional correspondent Kelsey Snell reports.

民主党人表示，众议院上周通过的3万亿美元冠状病毒救助法案旨在满足普通美国公民的需求。共和党人表示，这项法案带有党派性色彩，企图制定民主党政策优先事项的长期愿望清单。据NPR新闻的国会记者凯尔西·斯奈尔报道，进步派民主党人并未明确否认这一说法。

KELSEY SNELL, BYLINE⁵: The bill that passed the House on Friday is full of proposalsDemocrats have been pitching for years, from a more generous allowance for food stamps tochanges in the way people qualify for federal benefits. The bill is a running list of policiesDemocrats want to enact even under normal circumstances.

凯尔西·斯奈尔连线：众议院在周五通过的这项法案充满了民主党人多年来一直在争取的提案，范围涉及从投入更多资金的食品券津贴计划到改变人们享受联邦福利的方式。该法案是民主党人在正常情况下都想要制定的政策清单。

KATHERINE CLARK: The coronavirus pandemic has exposed gaping⁶ holes in our socialsafety net and has brought into stark⁷ relief issues that we knew were there, but now we cansee their devastating⁸ impacts so clearly.

凯瑟琳·克拉克：冠状病毒大流行暴露了我们社会安全网中的漏洞，同时带来了严峻的救济问题，我们早就知道这些问题的存在，而现在我们可以清楚地看到其造成的毁灭影响。

SNELL: That's Katherine Clark, the vice⁹ chair of the House Democratic Caucus¹⁰. She pushedfor funding for child care providers in the bill. She says women have always borne the bruntof the effects when schools and daycares are closed. That is playing out on an enormous scalewith the coronavirus. Clark and other Democrats are proposing $50 billion in immediate¹¹ childcare funding, and they're also calling for long term structural¹² change. Republicans, like SenateMajority Leader Mitch McConnell, call that logic¹³ gross politics.

斯奈尔：这是众议院民主党党团会议副主席凯瑟琳·克拉克所说。她在法案中要求为儿童保育服务提供者提供资金。她表示，学校和托儿所关闭后，女性总是会首当其冲地受到影响。这在冠状病毒疫情期间表现地尤为明显。克拉克和其他民主党人提议为即时儿童资助提供500亿美元，他们还要求进行长期结构改革。参议院多数党领袖米奇·麦康奈尔等共和党人将这种逻辑称为“粗暴政治”。

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MITCH MCCONNELL: Democrats cannot stop salivating, salivating over the possibilities forpartisan gain.

米奇·麦康奈尔：民主党一直垂涎于党派利益的可能性。

SNELL: Progressive say it may be partisan³, but they believe the public is with them. RosaDeLauro, a Democrat¹ from Connecticut, says until the coronavirus hit, Republicans generallydidn't support any expansion of domestic spending intended to help people in a crisis. Nowthere is a crisis, and Democrats want to use this moment to reform the system.

斯奈尔：进步派称这可能具有党派性，但他们相信公众会支持他们。康涅狄格州民主党议员罗萨·德劳洛表示，在冠状病毒来袭之前，共和党人普遍不支持任何旨在帮助人们度过危机的国内支出扩张。现在危机来临，民主党希望利用这一时刻改革这个制度。

ROSE DELAURO: These folks have never wanted to go down this road and protect what was asocial safety net that we've had in the past and a new social safety net for people in today'sworld.

罗萨·德劳洛：这些人从来都不想走上这条路，也不想保护我们过去所拥有的社会安全网和当今世界人们的新社会安全网。

SNELL: Take unemployment insurance. Ron Wyden, the top Democrat on the SenateFinance Committee, wants to tie the expanded benefits that passed in the CARES Act to theunemployment rate. When unemployment goes up, so do the benefits, so people can stayon their feet. He says the existing system hasn't worked for a long time. And this is a chance tofix it going forward.

斯奈尔：以失业保险为例。参议院财政委员会民主党领袖罗恩·怀登希望将《关怀法案》通过的扩大福利与失业率挂钩。当失业率上升时，福利也要增加，这样人们就能生存下去。他说，现有制度已经很长时间未起作用。现在是解决问题的机会。

RON WYDEN: The unemployment system, which was invented in the 1930s, is still in kind ofa time work. Nobody ever heard of a gig worker back in the 1930s.

罗恩·怀登：这个失业制度于上世纪30年代制定，目前仍按计时工作操作。上世纪30年代可没有人听说过零工。

SNELL: Progressive Democrats say it makes sense to advocate for temporary policy changesnow with the understanding that Democrats do want these programs to be made permanent. Some of these benefits, like extra unemployment, already got big bipartisan support and willbe harder to take away later. Not all Democrats necessarily agree. Stephanie Murphy, who isone of the leaders of a group of fiscally¹⁴ conservative Democrats, says the coronavirus iscreating unprecedented¹⁵ need. But she says any policies need to be reevaluated over time. Andshe says pushing for partisan policies in a divided Congress with a Republican president isn'tthe best path to making those ideas a reality.

斯奈尔：进步派民主党人表示，现在提倡临时性政策改变是有道理的，因为民主党人确实希望这些能成为永久性计划。额外失业救济等福利计划已经得到了两党的大力支持，之后将更难取消。但并不是所有民主党人都同意。斯蒂芬妮·墨菲是一个财政保守民主党小组的领袖之一，她说冠状病毒正在创造前所未有的需求。但她同时指出，任何政策都需要随着时间的推移而进行重新评估。她表示，在共和党总统执政的情况下，在分裂的国会中推行党派性政策并不是实现这些想法的最佳途径。

STEPHANIE MURPHY: Only things that become law can actually help the people that we'retrying to assist.

斯蒂芬妮·墨菲：只有成为法律的东西才能真正地帮助我们试图援助的人。

SNELL: So she says Democrats should look at their list of ideas and find places where theymight get some buy-in from Republicans, like her proposal to extend and expand a taxcredit for businesses that keep employees on the payroll¹⁶ during the crisis. But Democrats arehoping to take control of the Senate and the White House in November, which would make iteasier to remake the system.

斯奈尔：因此，她表示，民主党人应该审查他们的想法清单，寻找可能从共和党人那里获得支持的领域，比如她提出的建议，为在危机期间坚持支付雇员工资的企业延长并扩大税收减免。但民主党人希望在11月控制参议院和白宫，这可能会令重建该制度更加容易。

Kelsey Snell, NPR News, Washington.

NPR新闻，凯尔西·斯奈尔华盛顿报道。

1 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

2 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 partisan   

adj.党派性的；游击队的；n.游击队员；党徒

参考例句：

• In their anger they forget all the partisan quarrels.愤怒之中，他们忘掉一切党派之争。
• The numerous newly created partisan detachments began working slowly towards that region.许多新建的游击队都开始慢慢地向那里移动。

4 enact   

vt.制定(法律)；上演，扮演

参考例句：

• The U.S. Congress has exclusive authority to enact federal legislation.美国国会是唯一有权颁布联邦法律的。
• For example,a country can enact laws and economic policies to attract foreign investment fairly quickly.例如一个国家可以很快颁布吸引外资的法令和经济政策。

5 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

6 gaping   

adj.口的；张口的；敞口的；多洞穴的v.目瞪口呆地凝视( gape的现在分词 )；张开，张大

参考例句：

• Ahead of them was a gaping abyss. 他们前面是一个巨大的深渊。
• The antelope could not escape the crocodile's gaping jaws. 那只羚羊无法从鱷鱼张开的大口中逃脱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 stark   

adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地

参考例句：

• The young man is faced with a stark choice.这位年轻人面临严峻的抉择。
• He gave a stark denial to the rumor.他对谣言加以完全的否认。

8 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。

9 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

10 caucus   

n.秘密会议；干部会议；v.（参加）干部开会议

参考例句：

• This multi-staged caucus takes several months.这个多级会议常常历时好几个月。
• It kept the Democratic caucus from fragmenting.它也使得民主党的核心小组避免了土崩瓦解的危险。

11 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

12 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

13 logic   

n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性

参考例句：

• What sort of logic is that?这是什么逻辑？
• I don't follow the logic of your argument.我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。

14 fiscally   

在国库方面，财政上，在国库岁入方面

参考例句：

• Nor will fiscally stretched governments pump more money into the political equivalent of a leper colony. 财政吃紧的政府也不愿将更多的钱投入这个避之唯恐不及的政治瘟疫区。
• We are more fiscally constrained, which forces us to work smarter and more efficiently. 与F-15相比我们资金上的限制更大了，美女类小游戏，这迫使我们更为精心和有效地工作。

15 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

16 payroll   

n.工资表，在职人员名单，工薪总额

参考例句：

• His yearly payroll is $1.2 million.他的年薪是120万美元。
• I can't wait to get my payroll check.我真等不及拿到我的工资单了。