美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国民主党提议改革美国警察制度

Congressional Democrats² have unveiled a comprehensive attempt at remaking policing in America.

国会民主党人公布了一项改革美国警察的全面计划。

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NANCY PELOSI: We cannot settle for anything less than transformative, structural³ change.

南希·佩洛西：我们不能接受任何比变革性和结构性改革更少的计划。

KELLY: That is House Speaker Nancy Pelosi there introducing the legislation. It is known as the Justice in Policing Act. And it would require a number of things, require police departments around the country to undergo training to combat racial bias⁴ and profiling, would ban the use of chokeholds, would also limit the transfer of military-grade weapons to local law enforcement and make it easier for individuals to sue the police. Karen Bass⁵, the chairwoman of the Congressional Black Caucus⁶, says the protests following the killing⁷ of George Floyd have been a tipping point.

凯利：这是众议院议长南希·佩洛西在介绍这项法案时所说。该法案名为《警察执法公正法案》。法案提出多项要求，比如要求全美各地警察部门接受培训以防止种族偏见和种族形象定性，禁止使用“扼喉”动作，限制向地方执法部门转让军用武器，使个人更容易起诉警察等。国会黑人党团主席凯伦·巴斯表示，乔治·弗洛伊德之死引发的抗议活动是一个转折点。

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KAREN BASS: The world is witnessing the birth of a new movement in our country.

凯伦·巴斯：世界正在见证我们国家新运动的诞生。

KELLY: Well, NPR congressional correspondent Kelsey Snell is tracking this. She joins me now.

凯利：NPR新闻驻国会记者凯尔西·斯奈尔在追踪这起事件。她将和我们连线。

Hi, Kelsey.

你好，凯尔西。

KELSEY SNELL, BYLINE⁸: Hi there.

凯尔西·斯奈尔连线：你好。

KELLY: So I mentioned some of the big headline items. What else is in this bill?

凯利：我刚才提到了登上头条的重点内容。这份法案还包括哪些内容？

SNELL: Yeah, some of those big items like banning chokeholds and making it harder for local police departments to use weapons of war are kind of the things that are making the headlines. But I think it's really important to take a look at some of those other details. Like, there is an element here bringing back something that was used a lot under the Obama administration to give the Justice Department more power to enforce investigations⁹ and go after local police departments. It was used to great effect by the Obama administration. And now the House Democrats want to bring that back. And they want to give the Justice Department subpoena¹⁰ power to make that even more powerful. They're also talking about making federal funding contingent¹¹ on meeting training and enforcement criteria¹², meaning that if the local police department doesn't follow the rules and regulations set up by this bill, they would be at risk of receiving little or no federal funding to support their departments.

斯奈尔：对，禁止使用“扼喉”动作、使地方警察部门更难使用战争武器等重点内容上过头条新闻。但我认为关注其他细节也十分重要。比如，法案提出恢复奥巴马政府时期经常使用的政策，即赋予司法部门更多权力来执行调查和追查地方警察部门。奥巴马政府将这一政策发挥到了极致。现在，众议院民主党人想恢复这一政策。他们想赋予司法部门传唤权，使其更加强大。他们还谈论了依据是否符合培训及执法标准来调整联邦拨款，这意味着如果地方警察部门没有遵守这份法案制定的规章制度，那他们将面临获得极少或完全没有联邦拨款支持其部门的风险。

KELLY: It does feel, Kelsey, worth just pausing and emphasizing that Congress typically has said policing is a local issue. We're not going to get involved. And yet they are wading¹³ in now.

凯利：凯尔西，这确实值得停下来强调一下，国会通常会说维护治安是地方问题。我们不会介入。但现在他们插手了。

SNELL: Yeah. Congressional Democrats really do seem to have shifted on this. I will say that Democrats in the past have made attempts at doing policing bills. But they say that this moment is just different. Take Emanuel Cleaver¹⁴. He was the mayor of Kansas City, Mo., before being elected to Congress. And he said having federal laws and standards could actually make it easier for local leaders who want to enforce standards but don't know how.

斯奈尔：对。国会民主党人似乎的确在这方面有所转变。我要说的是，过去民主党人曾尝试提出维护治安的法案。但他们说现在情况不同。以伊曼纽尔·克里弗为例。在当选国会议员之前，他是堪萨斯市市长。他说，制定联邦法律和标准可以让想执行标准但不知道如何执行的地方领导人更容易开展工作。

EMANUEL CLEAVER: Local communities all around the country who might be reticent¹⁵ about doing things that they believe would be helpful can say, you know, hey, that's the law.

伊曼纽尔·克里弗：可能对自已认为有帮助的事情保持沉默的全美地方社区，现在可以说，嘿，这是法律。

SNELL: So national standards using federal funding for federal investigations to enforce them, those are ways that they say to fundamentally change policing in communities.

斯奈尔：为执行联邦调查的联邦拨款制定国家标准，他们说这些是从根本上改革社区执法的方式。

KELLY: What about the demand that we're hearing from some protesters to defund the police? This bill doesn't touch that. Why not?

凯利：那一些抗议者提出的撤销对警方拨款的要求呢？这份法案并未涉及这一点。为什么？

SNELL: Well, Karen Bass, the head of the Congressional Black Caucus who we heard from earlier, did say that there is no new money for police in this bill. There's money to give communities a chance to rethink policing. But mostly, Democrats didn't address the question of defunding. It's becoming a political cudgel, nonetheless. Republicans in their campaigns are already out tying every Democrat¹ running for office to the idea of defunding. I asked Ayanna Pressley who's one of the more progressive House freshmen¹⁶ about this, and she called the Republican tactics predictable and hurtful.

斯奈尔：我们刚才听到的国会黑人党团主席凯伦·巴斯确实表示，这份法案中没有为警方提供新的经费。法案为社区提供资金，使其可以重新考虑治安问题。但基本上来说，民主党人没有解决撤销拨款这一问题。不过，这已经成为了一种政治手段。共和党人已经在竞选活动中将每名竞选公职的民主党人与撤销拨款这个想法联系起来。我询问了更具进步性的众议院新人议员雅仁那·普斯利，她称共和党的策略是可预见的，而且会带来伤害。

AYANNA PRESSLEY: There have been efforts to try to undermine the Black Lives Matter movement and to co-opt the narrative¹⁷ of what is actually happening throughout our globe in this moment. That commentary is certainly not surprising.

雅仁那·普斯利：有人曾试图破坏“黑人的命也是命”运动，并利用对目前全球所发生事件的叙述。这种评论当然并不奇怪。

SNELL: It's not surprising, but it's a question they're going to be — end up answering constantly between now and the election. And it's something that reporters will ask once Democrats return to Washington.

斯奈尔：并不奇怪，但这是他们要回答的问题，从现在到选举，他们最终要不停地回答这一问题。当民主党人回到华盛顿以后，记者就会提出这个问题。

KELLY: We just have a moment left, Kelsey. But what are the chances that Republicans will embrace this bill?

凯利：凯尔西，我们还有一点儿时间。共和党人接受这项法案的可能性有多大？

SNELL: Well, House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy says he's open to finding common ground. And Democrats I talked to say they think that the pressure of the protest movement and the clear shift in public sentiment will help their cause. You know, they also say that this bill is not the end of the process. And there could be room for more legislation down the line that could be more bipartisan.

斯奈尔：众议院少数党领袖凯文·麦卡锡表示，他愿意寻找共同点。接受我采访的民主党人表示，他们认为抗议运动带来的压力以及公众情绪的明显转变将有助于他们的事业。他们还说，这项法案并不是进程的结束。可能有更多立法空间，可能会进行更多两党合作。

KELLY: All right. Congressional correspondent Kelsey Snell.

凯利：好。以上是国会记者凯尔西·斯奈尔带来的报道。

Thank you, Kelsey.

谢谢你，凯尔西。

SNELL: Thank you.

斯奈尔：谢谢你。

1 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

2 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

4 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

5 bass   

n.男低音(歌手)；低音乐器；低音大提琴

参考例句：

• He answered my question in a surprisingly deep bass.他用一种低得出奇的声音回答我的问题。
• The bass was to give a concert in the park.那位男低音歌唱家将在公园中举行音乐会。

6 caucus   

n.秘密会议；干部会议；v.（参加）干部开会议

参考例句：

• This multi-staged caucus takes several months.这个多级会议常常历时好几个月。
• It kept the Democratic caucus from fragmenting.它也使得民主党的核心小组避免了土崩瓦解的危险。

7 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

8 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

9 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

10 subpoena   

n.（法律）传票；v.传讯

参考例句：

• He was brought up to court with a subpoena.他接到传讯，来到法庭上。
• Select committees have the power to subpoena witnesses.特别委员会有权传唤证人。

11 contingent   

adj.视条件而定的；n.一组，代表团，分遣队

参考例句：

• The contingent marched in the direction of the Western Hills.队伍朝西山的方向前进。
• Whether or not we arrive on time is contingent on the weather.我们是否按时到达要视天气情况而定。

12 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

13 wading   

（从水、泥等）蹚，走过，跋( wade的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The man tucked up his trousers for wading. 那人卷起裤子，准备涉水。
• The children were wading in the sea. 孩子们在海水中走着。

14 cleaver   

n.切肉刀

参考例句：

• In fact,a cleaver is a class of ax.实际上，切肉刀也是斧子的一种。
• The cleaver is ground to a very sharp edge.刀磨得飞快。

15 reticent   

adj.沉默寡言的；言不如意的

参考例句：

• He was reticent about his opinion.他有保留意见。
• He was extremely reticent about his personal life.他对自己的个人生活讳莫如深。

16 freshmen   

n.（中学或大学的）一年级学生( freshman的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• We are freshmen and they are sophomores. 我们是一年级学生，他们是二年级学生。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• University freshmen get lots of razzing, but they like the initiation. 大一新生受各种嘲弄，但是他们对这种入门经验甘之如饴。 来自辞典例句

17 narrative   

n.叙述，故事；adj.叙事的，故事体的

参考例句：

• He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
• Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。