美国国家公共电台 NPR 菲律宾知名记者被判网络诽谤罪成立

A court in the Philippines has found a prominent journalist guilty of cyber libel. Maria Ressa is the CEO and co-founder of an online news portal called Rappler. And some people say this is blatant¹ intimidation² of the media. NPR's Julie McCarthy has been following this story. Hey, Julie.

菲律宾一家法院裁定，一名著名记者网络诽谤罪名成立。玛丽亚·雷萨是在线新闻门户网站Rappler的首席执行官兼联合创始人。有些人认为这一裁决是对媒体的公然恐吓。NPR新闻的朱莉·麦卡锡一直在追踪这起事件。你好，朱莉。

JULIE MCCARTHY, BYLINE³: Hi there.

朱莉·麦卡锡连线：你好。

KING: Tell me about Maria Ressa. Who is she?

金：请介绍一下玛丽亚·雷萨。她是谁？

MCCARTHY: Maria Ressa is an award-winning journalist — in fact, she was the Time's person of the year in 2018 — who went after the government. Now, in the Philippines, the press is under huge pressure from a hostile government. And prosecutors⁴ went after Ressa using a law that is specifically aimed at publishing online, which is where her news operation exists. Rappler reported on a businessman, suggesting that he had links to human trafficking. The government argued it was libelous⁵.

麦卡锡：玛丽亚·雷萨是获奖记者，事实上，她曾当选《时代》周刊2018年年度人物，她一直在追查政府。菲律宾新闻界面临着来自敌对政府的巨大压力。追查雷萨的检方利用了一项专门针对在线发布的法律，而在线发布正是雷萨新闻业务的运营场所。Rappler网发布了一篇涉及一名商人的报道，报道中称该商人与人口贩卖有联系。政府认为这是诽谤。

Ressa's message after the verdict against her to Filipinos who were listening was protect your rights. Here she is speaking at a Rappler online forum⁶ just after the hearing.

判决公布后，雷萨向关注此事的菲律宾人传递的信息是：保护你的权利。下面是听证会结束后她在Rappler网在线论坛上发表的讲话。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（录音档案）

MARIA RESSA: I appeal again — don't be afraid. Freedom of the press is the foundation of every single right you have as a Filipino citizen.

玛丽亚·雷萨：我要再次呼吁，不要害怕。新闻自由是每位菲律宾公民所享有的所有权利的基础。

KING: She mentions your rights as a Filipino citizen, which makes me wonder, where is President Rodrigo Duterte in all of this?

金：她提到了菲律宾公民的权利，这使我想知道总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特的态度。

MCCARTHY: Well, he makes no secret about his antipathy⁷ toward the media and Ressa. Her news outfit⁸ has done extensive coverage⁹ of his administration, especially close attention to his violent drug war. And this case is only one of a half a dozen that they've charged Ressa and Rappler with. The government has hit them with tax evasion¹⁰ and illegally obtaining foreign funding. Duterte came to office telling journalists, you're not immune to assassination¹¹. Now, that's a chilling remark.

麦卡锡：他毫不掩饰对媒体和雷萨的反感。雷萨的新闻网站对杜特尔特政府进行了广泛报道，该网站对其发动的暴力毒品战争的关注尤为密切。这起案件只是他们对雷萨和Rappler网提起的六起诉讼中的其中一例。政府指控他们逃税和非法获取外国资金。杜特尔特上台后告诉记者，你们不能免于暗杀。这是一句令人毛骨悚然的话。

And the Philippines is one of the most dangerous countries in the world for journalists. Sixteen have been killed in the past four years, usually unsolved murders. But this libel case is being treated as a sort of emblem¹² for press freedom under assault across the globe. But the government and the court maintained this is not about press freedom. It's a case of libel.

对于记者来说，菲律宾是世界上最危险的国家之一。过去四年来，有16名记者被杀害，大多是尚未解决的谋杀案。但这起诽谤案被全球视为新闻自由遭到攻击的象征。但菲律宾政府和法院坚称，这与新闻自由无关。这是一起诽谤案。

KING: And are people there buying it?

金：人们相信这种说法吗？

MCCARTHY: Well, you know, many Filipinos are distracted by the worst economic downturn in 30 years, the COVID pandemic. But there was wall-to-wall coverage of this verdict in the Philippines.

麦卡锡：许多菲律宾人被30年来最严重的经济衰退和新冠肺炎疫情分散了注意力。但在菲律宾，对这项裁决的报道可谓是铺天盖地。

The Press Freedom Defense¹³ Fund struck a chord that you heard rights groups echo. And they said that, you know, there are many at this hour wondering who will be next. And they urged Duterte to carefully weigh the consequences of his treatment of the media. And Human Rights Watch Asia Director Phil Robertson called it a dire¹⁴ day for press freedom in the Philippines. Here he is.

新闻自由防卫基金会引起了人们的共鸣，权利组织纷纷呼应。他们表示，现在有许多人想知道接下来会轮到谁。他们敦促杜特尔特仔细权衡他对待媒体的方式所产生的后果。人权观察组织亚洲区主任菲尔·罗伯逊称，这对菲律宾的新闻自由来说是可怕的一天。下面是他所说。

PHIL ROBERTSON: If this was a civil libel case where he was suing for damages, saying that you've damaged my reputation, then we wouldn't have much to say about it. But the issue of a journalist going to prison for something they wrote is fundamentally problematic.

菲尔·罗伯逊：如果这是一起民事诽谤案，他起诉要求赔偿，称你们损害了我的名誉，那我们没什么可说的。但记者因为他们所写的文章而入狱这件事，从根本上就是有问题的。

KING: So what happens to Maria Ressa now?

金：玛丽亚·雷萨会怎么样？

MCCARTHY: Well, she's free on bail¹⁵, pending¹⁶ appeal. But the judge gave her what's called an indeterminate sentence, with six months minimum up to six years maximum if the conviction holds. Essentially¹⁷, you get paroled once you serve six months. But she looked extraordinarily¹⁸ calm in the face of prison. She told the graduating class at Princeton last month that she had embraced her fear and defeated it.

麦卡锡：她已被保释，等候上诉。但法官对她做出了不定刑期的判决，即如果罪名成立，那她将面临最低6个月到最高6年的刑期。基本上来说，服刑六个月后就可以得到假释。但面对牢狱之灾，她看上去异常平静。她上个月对普林斯顿大学的毕业生表示，她已经接受并战胜了自已的恐惧。

KING: NPR's Julie McCarthy. Julie, thank you.

金：以上是NPR新闻的朱莉·麦卡锡带来的报道。朱莉，谢谢你。

MCCARTHY: Thank you.

麦卡锡：谢谢。

1 blatant   

adj.厚颜无耻的；显眼的；炫耀的

参考例句：

• I cannot believe that so blatant a comedy can hoodwink anybody.我无法相信这么显眼的一出喜剧能够欺骗谁。
• His treatment of his secretary was a blatant example of managerial arrogance.他管理的傲慢作风在他对待秘书的态度上表露无遗。

2 intimidation   

n.恐吓，威胁

参考例句：

• The Opposition alleged voter intimidation by the army.反对党声称投票者受到军方的恐吓。
• The gang silenced witnesses by intimidation.恶帮用恐吓的手段使得证人不敢说话。

3 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

4 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

5 libelous   

adj.败坏名誉的，诽谤性的

参考例句：

• No evidence has been found in the case so far and therefore it is probably a libelous suit.查无实据，恐怕是诬告。
• The book was libelous,so the publishers had to call in all copies of it from the bookshops.这是一本诽谤性的书，所以出版商必须把店里的书全收回去。

6 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

7 antipathy   

n.憎恶；反感，引起反感的人或事物

参考例句：

• I feel an antipathy against their behaviour.我对他们的行为很反感。
• Some people have an antipathy to cats.有的人讨厌猫。

8 outfit   

n.（为特殊用途的）全套装备，全套服装

参考例句：

• Jenney bought a new outfit for her daughter's wedding.珍妮为参加女儿的婚礼买了一套新装。
• His father bought a ski outfit for him on his birthday.他父亲在他生日那天给他买了一套滑雪用具。

9 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

10 evasion   

n.逃避，偷漏(税)

参考例句：

• The movie star is in prison for tax evasion.那位影星因为逃税而坐牢。
• The act was passed as a safeguard against tax evasion.这项法案旨在防止逃税行为。

11 assassination   

n.暗杀；暗杀事件

参考例句：

• The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
• Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。

12 emblem   

n.象征，标志；徽章

参考例句：

• Her shirt has the company emblem on it.她的衬衫印有公司的标记。
• The eagle was an emblem of strength and courage.鹰是力量和勇气的象征。

13 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

14 dire   

adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的

参考例句：

• There were dire warnings about the dangers of watching too much TV.曾经有人就看电视太多的危害性提出严重警告。
• We were indeed in dire straits.But we pulled through.那时我们的困难真是大极了，但是我们渡过了困难。

15 bail   

v.舀（水），保释；n.保证金，保释，保释人

参考例句：

• One of the prisoner's friends offered to bail him out.犯人的一个朋友答应保释他出来。
• She has been granted conditional bail.她被准予有条件保释。

16 pending   

prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的

参考例句：

• The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
• He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。

17 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

18 extraordinarily   

adv.格外地；极端地

参考例句：

• She is an extraordinarily beautiful girl.她是个美丽非凡的姑娘。
• The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.那天清晨，大海出奇地宁静。