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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Judy Woodruff: Flash cards, puzzles, projects, worksheets, many thousands of teachers go online to find lesson plans and classroom resources. For the educators who sell these ideas, the increasing popularity of these marketplaces can lead to a lucrative1 second income that helps other teachers. But some worry about the unintended consequences. Special correspondent Kavitha Cardoza, with our partner Education Week, traveled to rural Alabama.
Kavitha Cardoza: Jennifer White is showing me around her hometown, Oneonta.
Jennifer White: In 2010, my husband lost his job, and I needed to earn some extra cash.
Kavitha Cardoza: So, in addition to her job as a kindergarten teacher, White started to tutor kids after school. But with three children of her own, two still in diapers, money was still tight.
Jennifer White: It was probably one of the most difficult times in my life.
Kavitha Cardoza: That led to a third job on weekends.
Jennifer White: This is the gas station where I worked. There's nothing quite as surreal as selling alcohol to former students.
Kavitha Cardoza: Around this time, she heard about teachers who were making extra money writing and selling lesson plans online. There are a number of Web sites where teachers can share or sell their work. White started browsing2 through them.
Jennifer White: It kind of planted a little seed, and the more I thought about it, the more I thought, well, maybe I could do this.
Kavitha Cardoza: The largest of these online sites is Teachers Pay Teachers, or TPT. Adam Freed is the CEO of the company.
Adam Freed: Teachers Pay Teachers is a marketplace where teachers come together to buy, sell and share original educational materials. Today, two-thirds of teachers in the U.S. are active members of our platform. This is an activity on life cycles.
Computer Voice: You have been assigned to put insects in the proper section of the local zoo.
Adam Freed: It's so much more engaging to get to the video this way, by doing something yourself.
Kavitha Cardoza: The average TPT lesson plan sells for $5, and the company takes a cut of 20 percent or 45 percent.
Adam Freed: We're proud to announce that, this past year, TPT paid out more than $100 million to teacher authors across the country.
Kavitha Cardoza: Some have even become millionaires, including a kindergarten teacher from Florida, an elementary school teacher from California, and an English teacher from Louisiana. These online marketplaces are becoming more and more popular. But there are also concerns. Some legal experts say, if a teacher creates educational materials, those materials legally belong to the school district. Some educators worry about quality. And there are those who question what this means for the teaching profession, which traditionally has shared these materials for free. Bob Farrace is with the National Association of Secondary School Principals. He worries this trend could discourage teachers from working together.
Bob Farrace: I think it's not unreasonable3 to say that once you put a price tag on that collaboration4, you begin to close people out of that market. We want these ideas to flow very freely among everyone, not just teachers who might be willing or inclined to pay for that collaboration.
Kavitha Cardoza: Jennifer White worked on weekends to develop her first product, called Let's Make a Pilgrim. The lesson sells for $4.50.
Jennifer White: It includes patterns and pictures of the finished product.
Kavitha Cardoza: The first quarter, she was excited when she made $300 from sales. Then a popular blogger shared her lesson.
Jennifer White: And that next quarter, I think I sold $14,000 in that three-month span. And it was life-changing.
Kavitha Cardoza: White now has about 100 different products online. Let's Make an Elf. Let's Make a Snowman. I sense a theme here.
Jennifer White: There was. That was the year of the Let's Make.
Kavitha Cardoza: One of the most helpful parts of TPT, White says, is that teachers rate each other's lesson plans. So I see you have got 44,600 votes.
Jennifer White: Yes.
Kavitha Cardoza: And you have got the highest score, which is four stars.
Jennifer White: Four stars, yes, and the votes are basically like ratings.
Kavitha Cardoza: But Katy Swalwell, a professor at Iowa State University, says teachers choosing a lesson plan based on what's popular can be a problem, because teachers may focus on what's cute and catchy5, rather than on content that's high-quality. For example, she and two colleagues studied a popular lesson plan, the Wedding of Q and U. It teaches kindergartners a simple concept, how the letter U follows the letter Q. Thousands of classrooms have mock weddings, complete with elaborate invites, decorations and vows6.
Katy Swalwell: A lot of teachers are taking hours and hours to teach this fairly simple literacy concept. They're also teaching it as a rule that always works, so that — for any good Scrabble player, we know that Q and U don't always go together.
Kavitha Cardoza: Swalwell says they found the vows between the kindergarten couple even more troubling.
Katy Swalwell: The girls' vows were often pretty sexist, that they have to support the boys going out with other letters, that that's what they need to do, that their job in the relationship is. They also talk about how the boy's letter is what gave them a voice. Otherwise, they couldn't make a sound in the world.
Kavitha Cardoza: She says teachers need to be far more critical about lesson plans they create and buy.
Katy Swalwell: It maybe is fun for some of the kids, but it isn't ever just about fun. There's always social lessons that are being taught underneath7.
Kavitha Cardoza: Jennifer White tries to make her lessons applicable for teachers across the country, and she sees only an upside. For starters, she no longer worries about money.
Jennifer White: I could quit working at the gas station and tutoring, and I could spend more time with my family.
Kavitha Cardoza: The Whites have been able to save for retirement8 and go on vacations. She's also made teacher friends around the world. Best of all, White says, she's been able to give back to her students. Wow. It's so colorful.
Jennifer White: Thank you. Actually, a lot of this was paid for through my sales.
Kavitha Cardoza: The tables and books, all the learning materials, toys and posters.
Jennifer White: In my classroom, we're family. When they need something, if they need Crayons or they need glue or they need a backpack or they need something, anything, I can get it for them. I'm giving back to the people who have gotten me where I am today.
Kavitha Cardoza: For the PBS NewsHour and Education Week, I'm Kavitha Cardoza in Oneonta, Alabama.
朱迪·伍德瑞夫：闪卡、拼图、项目、工作表，上网搜索教案及课堂资源的教师成千上万。对于那些推崇这些想法的教育者来说，这一市场的扩大将会给其他教师带来丰厚的第二收入。但也有些人担心这样做的后果可能想都想不到。特别记者卡杜萨·卡维莎与我们的合作伙伴Education Week一起，亲身前往亚拉巴马州农村，为您报道。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：奥尼昂塔是詹妮弗·怀特的家乡，今天她做了我们的向导。
詹妮弗·怀特：2010年，我丈夫丢了工作，我得额外再多赚些钱（才能养家）。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：所以，除了在一家幼儿园做幼师，怀特还要在课后为孩子们上课。但是，由于有三个孩子，其中有两个还兜着尿布，钱还是很紧。
詹妮弗·怀特：这很可能是我的生命中最最艰难的时刻了。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：所以你利用周末做起了第三份工作。
詹妮弗·怀特：这就是我之前工作过的加油站。没有什么比卖酒给自己以前的学生更荒唐的事了。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：大约正是这段时间，她听说教师们可以在网上写教案，卖教案，增加额外收入。许多网站都可以提供平台，让教师们分享或出售他们的教学资源。怀特开始浏览这些网站。
詹妮弗·怀特：它（在我心里）种下了种子，我越思考就越想，嗯，或许我能做这事。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：Teachers Pay Teachers是该领域最大的在线网站，简称TPT。亚当·弗里德是这家公司的首席执行官。
亚当·弗里德：Teachers Pay Teachers为教师集中购买、出售和分享原始教学材料提供了市场平台。今天，在我们这个平台上，活跃着全美国2/3的教师人数。这是一个关于生命周期的教学活动。
计算机声音：你要到当地动物园的适当区域投放昆虫。
亚当·弗里德：亲自动手做一些事，非常有趣。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：TPT教案每份的平均售价为5美元，公司抽头20%或45%。
亚当·弗里德：我们自豪地宣布，在过去的一年中，TPT向全美教师作者支付的稿酬超过1亿美元。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：有些人甚至借此成为了百万富翁，比如像来自佛罗里达州的一位幼儿园教师、来自加利福尼亚州的一位小学教师和来自路易斯安那的一位英语教师。这些线上交易平台越来越受欢迎。但人们也有顾虑。有些法律专家说，教师编写教学材料，这些材料在法律上应该属于教师所在学区。一些教育家担心材料的质量。还有一些人质疑这对教师职业来说意味着什么，因为传统上这些教材都是免费的。鲍勃·法拉切是全国中学校长协会成员。他担心这种趋势对教师们的（线下）合作是种阻碍。
鲍勃·法拉切：我认为，一旦你在合作上打上了一个价格标签，你就开始把人们从那个市场中屏蔽了出来，这不无道理。我们希望这些教学想法在人们之间自由流动，而不仅仅限于那些愿意或乐于为这种合作付出代价的老师们。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：詹妮弗·怀特在周末完成了她的第一份作品，让“我们成为朝圣者”。交易价格为4.50美元。
詹妮弗·怀特：作品中包含了各种图案和照片。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：在第一季度里，她的资源卖了300美元，这让她很是兴奋。此后，一个知名博主将她的课程共享了出来。
詹妮弗·怀特：在之后那个季度，我用三个月卖了14000美元。它在改变我的生活。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：现在怀特的在线作品多达100种。“让我们成为精灵”，“让我们成为雪人”。我感觉这里可以挖掘出一个主题。
詹妮弗·怀特：是的。这就是“让我们成为”的年度。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：怀特说，TPT（对老师们）最有帮助的一点就是可以互评教案。我看到你的投票已累计达到44600张。
詹妮弗·怀特：是的。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：你拿到了很高的分数，也就是四星。
詹妮弗·怀特：四星，是的，投票基本上就是评价。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：爱荷华州立大学教授凯迪·斯沃韦尔说，老师对教案的选择如果只看教案受欢迎的程度，那就有问题了，因为那样老师们就会把重点放在如何做出好看又吸引人的教案上面，而不去关注教案的内容和质量。例如，她和她两个同事对一份流行教案“Q和U的婚礼”做了一下研究。它教给幼儿园孩子一个简单的概念，即字母U如何跟随字母Q。于是，模仿婚礼的班级多了，整个过程包括用心的邀请、精美的装饰和认真的誓言。
凯迪·斯沃韦尔：很多教师花费了很多时间，目的只是去教授这种相当简单的识字概念。他们还教给学生一个规则，这个规则总是对的，对于拼字游戏玩得好的人，我们知道Q和U并不总放在一起。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：斯沃韦尔说，更令人不安的是，他们发现了幼儿园“小夫妇”之间的誓言存在问题。
凯迪·斯沃韦尔：女孩们的誓言往往带有性别主义色彩，对于男孩子们说的话，她们都必须表示支持，这就是她们要做的，也是她们在婚姻关系中的使命。她们还谈到男孩的话让她们有了表达心声的机会。否则，她们在这个世界上永远都没有发言权。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：她说这样，教师们就需要对自己所编写和购买的教案更加挑剔。
凯迪·斯沃韦尔：对一些孩子来说，这也许很有趣，但这并不只是有趣。这下面蕴含着社会经验。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：詹妮弗·怀特努力让全国教师都能用上她的教案，这些努力没有白费。对于一个刚入行的人来说，她已不再担心钱了。
詹妮弗·怀特：我可以辞去加油站的工作，安心教学，也能花更多的时间陪伴家人。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：怀特已有能力为退休进行一定的储蓄，也能有钱去度假了。她还交到了很多教师朋友，他们遍布世界各地。怀特说，最棒的是，现在她已经能够回报她的学生了。哇。这一切是如此丰富多彩。
詹妮弗·怀特：谢谢。其实，这里面很多都得益于我线上销售的教案。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：桌子和书，所有学习材料，玩具和海报。
詹妮弗·怀特：在我的课堂上，我们是一家人。如果他们有任何需要，比如需要蜡笔，需要胶水，需要背包或者什么，他们需要什么，我都能为他们办到。我要回报那些，成就我今天的人们。
卡杜萨·卡维莎：这里是PBS NewsHour和Education Week，我是在卡杜萨·卡维莎，从奥尼昂塔，阿拉巴马发回报道。
收听单词发音 |
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lucrative
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| adj.赚钱的，可获利的 | |
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browsing
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| v.吃草( browse的现在分词 )；随意翻阅；（在商店里）随便看看；（在计算机上）浏览信息 | |
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unreasonable
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| adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的 | |
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collaboration
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| n.合作，协作；勾结 | |
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catchy
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| adj.易记住的，诡诈的，易使人上当的 | |
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vows
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| 誓言( vow的名词复数 )； 郑重宣布，许愿 | |
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underneath
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| adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面 | |
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retirement
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| n.退休，退职 | |
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