PBS高端访谈:为何学习拉丁语可伴随终生

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: There are many benefits of learning a foreign language. It opens up work and travel opportunities, and studies have shown that it might even slow the onset¹ of dementia. But what about a language that is rarely spoken in conversation, never used in business, and one that most people consider dead? Writer Frankie Thomas shares her Humble² Opinion on why it's time to learn Latin.

FRANKIE THOMAS, Writer: If you can possibly get away with it, you should study Latin. OK, hear me out.Yes, any modern language offers more practical benefits than Latin, but Latin offers more fun. It has all the pleasures of puzzle, a time capsule and a secret code.You say dead language; I say ghost hunting.My favorite thing about Latin is that all of its native speakers are dead. You will never have to talk to them. This makes Latin the perfect subject for introverts³. There's no pressure to become conversationally⁴ fluent, and no Latin teacher will ever force you to turn to your classmate and have an awkward scripted conversation about your winter break. Unlike beginner's Spanish or French, which teach you to say, "I would like a salad," and "Where is the library?" Beginner Latin teaches you to talk like a supervillain. "Wheelock's Latin," the standard beginner textbook at the college level, teaches you how to say the following sentences, "You are all to blame, and, tomorrow, you will pay the ultimate price," and "Our army is great, and because of the number of our arrows, you shall not see the sky," and, "Human life is punishment." How can you not love a language that immerses you in this epic⁵ world of war and gods and gladiators, where every sentence is fraught⁶ with portents⁷, and someone is usually about to get murdered? My middle school textbook had a passage about a barber. Pretty tame, right? A barber who accidentally cuts his customers' throat. To this day, we all remember how to say "Much blood flows." By the standards of middle school entertainment, it beats "Dawson's Creek⁸." That barber, by the way, was a real guy. He lived in Pompeii, as did all the characters in that textbook. Here are some other vocab words it taught us, volcano, to erupt, ashes, to be in despair. Did I mention that all native Latin speakers are dead? Not only that, but many of them died horribly, buried alive in volcanic⁹ ash, which is why we know so much about them today. To study Latin is to engage with the dead. True, you can't talk to them directly. And thank the gods for that, because what would we talk about? Winter break? But they have a way of getting into your head with their beautiful, useless words. No one speaks Latin anymore. No one needs Latin anymore, and yet here we are, here I am, watching my favorite sitcom¹⁰, mentally translating the dialogue, and remembering that nothing is permanent, not emperors, not gods, not even me. So that's how studying Latin will change your life. You might never get a chance to use what you have learned, but it will live in your memory forever. And, in that sense -- here's the secret of Latin -- it's not really a dead language at all.

威廉·博兰翰姆：学习外语有很多好处。它开启了工作和旅行的机会，研究表明它甚至可能减缓痴呆症的发病。但如果是一种很少在对话中使用，在商业中也从未使用，且大多数人认为已死的语言呢？作家弗兰基·托马斯在“管见所及”栏目分享她关于“为何学习拉丁语正当时”的观点。

弗兰基·托马斯，作家：如果你能轻松掌握一门语言，你应该学习拉丁语。好的，听我说。是的，任何现代语言都比拉丁语更实用，但拉丁语更有趣。它集拼图、时间胶囊和密码乐趣于一身。你说它是死去的语言，但我说这是幽灵狩猎。关于拉丁语，我最喜欢的地方就是，所有以它为母语的人都已经死了。你永远不必和他们说话。拉丁文最适合内向人。没有口语流利的压力，也无需和同学来一场关于寒假的对话，那种对话照本宣科，尴尬无比。与初学西班牙语或法语不同，它教你说：“我想要一个沙拉，”和“图书馆在哪里？”初学拉丁语教你说话像个大坏蛋。“Wheelock的拉丁语，”大学阶段的标准初学者教材，教你如何说下面的句子，“你们都有责任，而且，明天，你们将付出终极代价，”“我们的军队是伟大的，因为我们箭数众多，遮天蔽日，”以及“人的生命是惩罚。”你怎能不爱这样的语言，让你沉浸在这个史诗般战争、神与勇士的世界里，在那里，句句话都预示着什么，是否预示着总会有人马上被杀？我中学课本上有一篇关于理发师的文章。挺温和的，对吧？不小心割破顾客喉咙的理发师。直到今天，我们都还记得如何说“流了好多血”。按照中学娱乐的标准，它比《恋爱时代》还恐怖。顺便说一下，那个理发师真有其人。他住在庞贝，课本上所有的人物也都住在那儿。这里有一些课本教我们的其他单词，火山爆发，灰烬，身处绝望。我有没有提到所有母语为拉丁语的人都死了？不仅如此，他们中的许多人都死得很惨，被火山灰活埋了，正是我们所知道的原因。今天关于他们的故事太多了。的确，你无法和死人直接对话。这要感谢上帝，否则我们能和他们说什么呢？寒假？但它们有办法用美丽无用的词语进入你的大脑。不再有人讲拉丁语了。没有人需要拉丁语了，但我们到了，我在这里，看我最喜欢的情景喜剧，在头脑中转换对话，记住没有什么是永恒的，即便皇帝，即便神灵，即便是我。所以学习拉丁语会改变你的生活。你可能永远不会有机会学有所用，但它会永远活在你的记忆里。从这个意义上讲，这就是拉丁语的秘密——它根本不是真正的死语言。

1 onset   

n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始

参考例句：

• The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
• Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。

2 humble   

adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低

参考例句：

• In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见，他将在选举中获胜。
• Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。

3 introverts   

性格内向的人( introvert的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Extroverts tend to lack self-discipline while introverts lack courage. 性格外向的人缺乏自我约束力，而性格内向的人则缺乏勇气。
• I an introvert and introverts get drawn in. 我是个内向的人而且内向是天生的。

4 conversationally   

adv.会话地

参考例句：

• I am at an unfavourable position in being conversationally unacquainted with English. 我由于不熟悉英语会话而处于不利地位。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The findings suggest that happy lives are social and conversationally deep, rather than solitary and superficial. 结论显示，快乐的生活具有社会层面的意义并与日常交谈有关，而并不仅仅是个体差异和表面现象。 来自互联网

5 epic   

n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的

参考例句：

• I gave up my epic and wrote this little tale instead.我放弃了写叙事诗，而写了这个小故事。
• They held a banquet of epic proportions.他们举行了盛大的宴会。

6 fraught   

adj.充满…的，伴有(危险等)的；忧虑的

参考例句：

• The coming months will be fraught with fateful decisions.未来数月将充满重大的决定。
• There's no need to look so fraught!用不着那么愁眉苦脸的！

7 portents   

n.预兆( portent的名词复数 )；征兆；怪事；奇物

参考例句：

• But even with this extra support, labour-market portents still look grim. 但是即使采取了额外支持措施，劳动力市场依然阴霾密布。 来自互联网
• So the hiccups are worth noting as portents. 因此这些问题作为不好的征兆而值得关注。 来自互联网

8 creek   

n.小溪，小河，小湾

参考例句：

• He sprang through the creek.他跳过小河。
• People sunbathe in the nude on the rocks above the creek.人们在露出小溪的岩石上裸体晒日光浴。

9 volcanic   

adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的

参考例句：

• There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
• Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。

10 sitcom   

n.情景喜剧，（广播、电视的）系列幽默剧

参考例句：

• This sitcom is produced in cooperation with Hong Kong TV.这部连续剧是同香港电视台联合制作的。
• I heard that a new sitcom is coming out next season.我听说下一季会推出一个新的情境喜剧。