PBS高端访谈:北约指挥官:在欧洲使用武力的俄罗斯是一个巨大的威胁

 　　GWEN IFILL: General Breedlove, thank you so much for joining us.

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE, NATO Supreme¹ Allied² Commander: Oh, thanks for having me.

　　GWEN IFILL: I want to start by talking about Turkey. How significant is it that Turkey has allowed us to start using Incirlik for a basing to attack ISIS?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: Those things that we are working at now to use bases like Incirlik and Diyarbakir, those will be very important to our ability to prosecute³ a joint⁴ campaign with Turkey as a part of our coalition⁵.

　　GWEN IFILL: How far does that buffer⁶ zone go and how far do we go into it?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: We're not creating any specific zone.

　　What we're talking about is bringing Turkey into an arrangement where, as a part of the coalition, they cooperate in our counter-ISIL campaign in the north. And that's the real key to this.

　　GWEN IFILL: So, it's not a no-fly zone, per se, is what you are saying?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: That's correct.

　　GWEN IFILL: I want to take you to Ukraine, especially Russia's role. The new incoming nominee⁷ to be — for Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joe Dunford, said at a congressional hearing last week that he saw Russia as our chief global threat. Is that something you agree with?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: I have testified to the same thing in the past.

　　GWEN IFILL: Why?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: Well, clearly, there are lots of threats out there, for instance, ISIL.

　　But I think what you hear from numerous leaders is that Russia is a different case. This is a nation that for 20 years we have tried to make a partner. And in the last few years, we have seen that they're on a different path. So now we have a nation that has used force to change internationally recognized boundaries. Russia continues to occupy Crimea.

　　Russian forces now are in the Donbass in Eastern Ukraine. So this nation has used force to change international boundaries. And this is a nation that possesses a pretty vast nuclear inventory⁸, and talks about the use of that inventory very openly in the past. And so what I think you see being reflected is that we see a revanchist Russia that has taken a new path towards what the security arrangements in Europe are like and how they are employed.

　　And they talk about using, as a matter of course, nuclear weapons. For that reason, these senior leaders, I believe, see that as a major threat.

　　GWEN IFILL: Secretary Kerry has not said that. And I wonder if the distinction there is between the diplomatic approach to dealing⁹ with Russia on things like Iran and the military concerns.

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: So, Russia can and we hope in the future will be a great partner. There are many places where our needs and requirements match.

　　But, again, in Europe, they have established a pattern now, Georgia, Transnistria, Crimea, Donbass, where force is a matter of course. And that's not what we look for in partners in Europe.

　　GWEN IFILL: So NATO has talked about providing training and artillery¹⁰ and some sort of support against this force you describe, this Russian bear on the border. Is that enough?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: Well, NATO nations are offering some assistance to Ukraine, as is the United States. Many nations now are coming along to be a part of helping¹¹ Ukraine to defend themselves. They have the right to defend themselves.

　　GWEN IFILL: But is it enough?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: I think that question is yet to be determined¹².

　　We believe that there is a diplomatic and a political solution. So when you ask, is it enough, the question is, is it enough to set the conditions so that we can get to a political and a diplomatic solution?

　　GWEN IFILL: What about the Baltics? There is a lot of nervousness that Russia is going to expand its view of aggression¹³ in that direction as well, and they will be entirely¹⁴ unable to defend themselves.

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: Both NATO, as an alliance, and the United States have come to great measures of assurance for our Baltic nations.

　　We have U.S. soldiers alongside British and other soldiers inside of these countries now, exercising, doing training, to assure those allies that NATO is there and will be there. I was privileged to sit in the room at Wales when the leaders of 28 nations, including our president, were rock-solid on Article V, collective defense¹⁵. And that includes the Baltics.

　　And I think that Mr. Putin understands that NATO is different.

　　GWEN IFILL: There is a lot of nervousness, however, that this option, if this doesn't take hold, is war.

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: Well, the best way not to have a war is to be prepared for war. So, we're in there now, training their soldiers.

　　As you know, we are looking at and have decided¹⁶ to preposition stops forward. We have heavy equipment that we train with in these nations now. And so we need to be prepared, so that we can avoid.

　　GWEN IFILL: Is there a line between preparation and provocation¹⁷?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: Absolutely. I believe there is.

　　We do defensive¹⁸ measures, and in, I think, very easily defined defensive stances in our forward bases. We're not putting big forces into the Baltics. Right now, there is a company of U.S. soldiers in each of the three Baltic states. That is well below a proportional issue.

　　GWEN IFILL: If it is possible for there to be a diplomatic or a political solution to head off any future conflict, what would that look like?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: We always talk about a European land mass whole, free, and at peace.

　　To get to that, we need to have a partner in Russia, not someone that we are competing with. The Russian energy…

　　GWEN IFILL: Do you see a partnership¹⁹ that I don't see?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: No, no, I'm saying we have to have one in the future.

　　GWEN IFILL: Right.

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: If we really believe we're going to get to whole, free, and at peace and prosperous, then we need a partner in Russia.

　　GWEN IFILL: Well, give me an example of one way to get there, especially if the person who has to be your partner is Vladimir Putin, who doesn't show any indication, other than being helpful at the Iran nuclear talks, of being the partner you envision.

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: So first, it's communication. We need to reestablish those lines of communication.

　　You have seen our secretary of state, undersecretary of state reaching out in several forums²⁰. Mil-to-mil communications need to become routine again. They are not routine now, where they were once before, communication first.

　　GWEN IFILL: I guess I hear what you are saying, but I don't see how you get there.

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: Its' not going to be an easy road. And it's not going to happen quickly. This business with Russia is a long-term thing.

　　I have said in testimony²¹ in other places that this is global, not regional. And it is long-term, not short-term. But we have to start down the path.

　　GWEN IFILL: Assuming for a moment there is a diplomatic-to-diplomatic impasse²² or president-to-president impasse, is there a military-to-military way of forging that kind of agreement?

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: There is.

　　It is important also that, even if our countries are not getting along, when you are flying airplanes in close vicinity, when you are sailing ships in close vicinity, when you have soldiers on the ground exercising sometimes just on the other side of borders, military men and women have to be able to communicate in a very matter-of-fact way to preclude²³ anything ugly from happening.

　　GWEN IFILL: Well, and we hope nothing further ugly happens.

　　NATO Supreme Allied Commander General Philip Breedlove, thank you very much.

　　GEN. PHILIP BREEDLOVE: No, thank you very much.

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

3 prosecute   

vt.告发；进行；vi.告发，起诉，作检察官

参考例句：

• I am trying my best to prosecute my duties.我正在尽力履行我的职责。
• Is there enough evidence to prosecute?有没有起诉的足够证据？

4 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

5 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

6 buffer   

n.起缓冲作用的人(或物)，缓冲器；vt.缓冲

参考例句：

• A little money can be a useful buffer in time of need.在急需时，很少一点钱就能解燃眉之急。
• Romantic love will buffer you against life's hardships.浪漫的爱会减轻生活的艰辛。

7 nominee   

n.被提名者；被任命者；被推荐者

参考例句：

• His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
• Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。

8 inventory   

n.详细目录，存货清单

参考例句：

• Some stores inventory their stock once a week.有些商店每周清点存货一次。
• We will need to call on our supplier to get more inventory.我们必须请供应商送来更多存货。

9 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

10 artillery   

n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队)

参考例句：

• This is a heavy artillery piece.这是一门重炮。
• The artillery has more firepower than the infantry.炮兵火力比步兵大。

11 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

12 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

13 aggression   

n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害

参考例句：

• So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
• Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。

14 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

15 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

16 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

17 provocation   

n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因

参考例句：

• He's got a fiery temper and flares up at the slightest provocation.他是火爆性子，一点就着。
• They did not react to this provocation.他们对这一挑衅未作反应。

18 defensive   

adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的

参考例句：

• Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
• The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。

19 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

20 forums   

讨论会； 座谈会； 广播专题讲话节目； 集会的公共场所( forum的名词复数 )； 论坛，讨论会，专题讨论节目； 法庭

参考例句：

• A few of the forums were being closely monitored by the administrators. 有些论坛被管理员严密监控。
• It can cast a dark cloud over these forums. 它将是的论坛上空布满乌云。

21 testimony   

n.证词；见证，证明

参考例句：

• The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
• He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。

22 impasse   

n.僵局；死路

参考例句：

• The government had reached an impasse.政府陷入绝境。
• Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse.谈判似乎已经陷入僵局。

23 preclude   

vt.阻止，排除，防止；妨碍

参考例句：

• We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我们努力排除任何误解的可能性。
• My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.按我目前的财务状况我是不可能买车的。