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PBS高端访谈:孟菲斯警方对心理疾病犯罪者的处理方式

时间:2016-03-14 06:13来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   MEGAN THOMPSON: Police officer Christopher Ross patrols a precinct on the south side of Memphis …an area with a very high rate of crime. Ross sees a lot of violence, drug use and prostitution. But those aren't the only types of calls that Ross responds to.

  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: The mom's involved with her son and he's diagnosed with adhd, and mood disorder1, and she said she's been taking his meds, but he's being unruly, so we are going to go see what we can do to help.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Ross is part of the Memphis police department's "Crisis Intervention2 Team" or CIT.
  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: What's going on?
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Officers specially3 trained to handle people with mental illness. Here, Ross finds a teenage boy in crisis. His mom says he's being bullied4 at school.
  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: So everybody at the school knows that you are smart, that you've got something going for yourself, and what they are trying to do is stop you from being all that you can be.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Ross is trained to de-escalate5 situations using mostly verbal techniques…to keep both officers and citizens safe… and keep people with mental health issues out of jail.
  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: As a matter of fact i'm going to give you my number so when you have a problem call me. Okay? If you're feeling sad, if you're feeling depressed6, call me. And you can tell me whatever you want to tell me. I don't care what it is. Handshake on that.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: After 20 minutes, the teen is calm and agrees to go back inside. Memphis started its CIT program 27 years ago, after the police shot and killed a man with mental illness who charged at them with a knife.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: The City formed a task force including the police and the national alliance on mental illness. At the time, university of Memphis psychiatry7 professor randy dupont was directing the City's main psychiatric emergency service. He helped develop the CIT program.
  RANDOLPH DUPONT: In an event that's going to escalate and become a crisis, it's going to be those first few minutes that are pretty critical. So, what they thought about, when they came up with this concept, was why don't we take some of that expertise8, let's identify those officers that want to do this — that could be good at it. Give them the best training we can find, and then let's look and see what kind of differences that makes.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: That training starts with changing officers attitudes and perceptions. Dupont says, people in crisis often act out of fear and may not understand what's happening around them. An untrained officer could interpret such behavior as defiance9, or "non-compliance."RANDOLPH DUPONT: Officers are often trained in the academy to see non-compliance and re- and respond with greater use of force. That's part of their training. But in CIT, what we're trying to say to the officers is, "let's analyze10 the non-compliance. Let's look strategically at it." So, we're looking for that different interpretation11 of behavior.
  VINCENT BEASLEY: First of all, we have a talk about having compassion12.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Major Vincent Beasley is in charge of the Memphis CIT program. He patrolled the streets as a CIT officer for 8 years.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Are all officers cut out to do this kind of work?
  VINCENT BEASLEY: I don't think so. I really think it takes a special person to do that. Not everybody's cut out for that. Because you have to have patience. And you- and you have to really care about people. And you have to understand that it's not the individual himself. It's something that's going on. It's something, you know, in his brain that's not working properly. It's a chemical imbalance.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: CIT is having a measurable impact. Major Beasley says of the 14,000 911 calls last year that CIT officers responded to, only 19 encounters resulted in injuries to a person with mental illness. And the vast majority ended without a person being detained. Around 4 thousand were taken to mental treatment facilities. And only about 600 were taken to jail.
  VINCENT BEASLEY: So, we're not taking nearly as many people to penal13 facilities that are- that are suffering from mental illnesses. Because we realize they don't need to be there in most cases.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Those with mental illness who do get arrested wind up here, at the Shelby County jail, where there is special wing – with 46 cells for people with mental illness. Hundreds more inmates14 on psychiatric medication are housed in the jail's general population, where many are also offered psychiatric treatment and group therapy for things like addiction15 and anger management.
  RANDOLPH DUPONT: What else would you all do when he throws up this, ‘how are you going to help me?'
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Joining the police department's Crisis Intervention Team is voluntary, and officers and dispatchers must attend 40 hours of training. There are three days of intensive role-playing…based on real situations officers have faced in the field.
  OFFICER 1: I see that you're very upset. And I want to help you.
  OFFICER 2: Nobody cares about me. And with me out of a job, man, there's nothing for me to be here for.
  OFFICER 3:I want to say to say from the standpoint, like you said, dealing16 with being handled by CIT.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: The trainees17 – dressed here in plain clothes – also spend a day meeting people with mental illness … to learn about what it's like to live with their conditions … and about their experiences with the police.
  PERSON 1: The sheriff's department came to my house and kicked the door in.
  PERSON 2: He told me to shut my frickin' mouth.
  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: Could you have a paramedic make the scene over here?
  MEGAN THOMPSON: today There are 274 active CIT officers like Chris Ross, on the Memphis force of almost 2100, or about one of every eight officers. The CIT program is operated within the department's existing budgets. Officers wear these pins to identify themselves. Ross, who's been CIT for three years, never answers a call without back-up.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: When he is flagged down by a man who says he's a vietnam veteran and has bipolar disorder, Ross pulls over to talk. He uses simple strategies: introducing himself and being calm.
  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: I'm fficer Ross. But call me Chris, ok?
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Ross says a huge part of his job is simply listening and keeping tabs on people he knows might need help. Here he checks up on a man he's gotten to know.
  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: Third Eye, you in there?
  MEGAN THOMPSON: He lives in an abandoned motel.
  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: Are you asleep? Come out here and talk to me. I just want to make sure you're doing alright. Make sure everything is going good.
  MAN: I got all-seeing eyes. I'm a power ranger18 and a super hero. You're really on my side.
  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: I'm on your side.
  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: You always try to get them comfortable and let them know I'm here to help. And whatever they say, you listen to it. You repeat it to them so they'll know that you're listening to them. And eventually, you'll establish that relationship, and they'll feel more or less like you're there to help them, versus19 trying to lock them up.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: If Memphis police determine people might pose a danger to themselves or others, an officer can take them to the crisis assessment20 center for evaluation21 and medication. Many of the services here are free. It's inside the Memphis Mental Health Institute, so if they need long-term, in-patient care, patients don't have to go far. After they leave, there's also a new out-patient program for continuing psychiatric care. Officials say it's reduced the number of repeat visits to both the crisis center and the institute.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Mark Havener has been a patient at the Memphis mental health institute. He has bipolar disorder and began having psychotic episodes 17 years ago…locking himself in a closet for hours at a time and attempting to kill himself.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Do you have any idea how many times you've tried to end your life?
  MARK HAVENER: Lost count at about 25.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Twenty-five?
  MARK HAVENER: And I lost count of my hospitalizations at about…I got tired of counting at 25.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: During one psychotic episode in 2002, Havener started to strangle his wife.
  MARK HAVENER: I grabbed her by the throat. And I got up and I shoved her up against the inside of the front door of the house.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: After he let her go, she called 9-1-1 and CIT officers responded.
  MARK HAVENER: By this time, I'm pretty much non-verbal. I can't express what's going on, because it's a hurricane inside of me. Maelstrom22. They don't even handcuff me because they- they see what kind of condition i'm in. Treating me as a human being in crisis and not a potential perpetrator.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: Havener was hospitalized and never faced criminal charges. He got treatment and today, he is stable, has reconciled with his wife, and works as a counselor23 to others with mental illness. He's also become an advocate, sharing his story with the new CIT trainees.
  MEGAN THOMPSON: the strategies developed in Memphis are now called the "Memphis model" – and have now been adopted by almost 3000 of the nation's 18,000 law enforcement agencies. Studies have shown that CIT-trained officers are less likely to arrest people with mental illness than non-trained officers. And for Chris Ross, that's one of the things he likes most about this job. The potential to help people … rather than put them in jail.
  CHRISTOPHER ROSS: And that's something that I can remember that will keep me going to when sometimes things get rough on the streets. That's why I work, that's why do it. Because if we get to the point where we're making a difference, we won't have to lock so many people up.
 

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 disorder Et1x4     
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调
参考例句:
  • When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后,他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
  • It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
2 intervention e5sxZ     
n.介入,干涉,干预
参考例句:
  • The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
  • Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。
3 specially Hviwq     
adv.特定地;特殊地;明确地
参考例句:
  • They are specially packaged so that they stack easily.它们经过特别包装以便于堆放。
  • The machine was designed specially for demolishing old buildings.这种机器是专为拆毁旧楼房而设计的。
4 bullied 2225065183ebf4326f236cf6e2003ccc     
adj.被欺负了v.恐吓,威逼( bully的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • My son is being bullied at school. 我儿子在学校里受欺负。
  • The boy bullied the small girl into giving him all her money. 那男孩威逼那个小女孩把所有的钱都给他。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 escalate biszi     
v.(使)逐步增长(或发展),(使)逐步升级
参考例句:
  • It would tempt Israel's neighbors to escalate their demands.它将诱使以色列的邻国不断把他们的要求升级。
  • Defeat could cause one side or other to escalate the conflict.失败可能会导致其中一方将冲突升级。
6 depressed xu8zp9     
adj.沮丧的,抑郁的,不景气的,萧条的
参考例句:
  • When he was depressed,he felt utterly divorced from reality.他心情沮丧时就感到完全脱离了现实。
  • His mother was depressed by the sad news.这个坏消息使他的母亲意志消沉。
7 psychiatry g0Jze     
n.精神病学,精神病疗法
参考例句:
  • The study appeared in the Amercian science Journal of Psychiatry.这个研究发表在美国精神病学的杂志上。
  • A physician is someone who specializes in psychiatry.精神病专家是专门从事精神病治疗的人。
8 expertise fmTx0     
n.专门知识(或技能等),专长
参考例句:
  • We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
  • You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。
9 defiance RmSzx     
n.挑战,挑衅,蔑视,违抗
参考例句:
  • He climbed the ladder in defiance of the warning.他无视警告爬上了那架梯子。
  • He slammed the door in a spirit of defiance.他以挑衅性的态度把门砰地一下关上。
10 analyze RwUzm     
vt.分析,解析 (=analyse)
参考例句:
  • We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
  • The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。
11 interpretation P5jxQ     
n.解释,说明,描述;艺术处理
参考例句:
  • His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
  • Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。
12 compassion 3q2zZ     
n.同情,怜悯
参考例句:
  • He could not help having compassion for the poor creature.他情不自禁地怜悯起那个可怜的人来。
  • Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.她对于没有母亲的孩子们充满了怜悯心。
13 penal OSBzn     
adj.刑罚的;刑法上的
参考例句:
  • I hope you're familiar with penal code.我希望你们熟悉本州法律规则。
  • He underwent nineteen years of penal servitude for theft.他因犯了大窃案受过十九年的苦刑。
14 inmates 9f4380ba14152f3e12fbdf1595415606     
n.囚犯( inmate的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • One of the inmates has escaped. 被收容的人中有一个逃跑了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The inmates were moved to an undisclosed location. 监狱里的囚犯被转移到一个秘密处所。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 addiction JyEzS     
n.上瘾入迷,嗜好
参考例句:
  • He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
  • Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。
16 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
17 trainees 576ef87c519dfddb06b6987e1e66077f     
新兵( trainee的名词复数 ); 练习生; 接受训练的人; 训练中的动物
参考例句:
  • We've taken on our full complement of new trainees. 我们招收的新学员已经满额了。
  • The trainees were put through an assault course. 受训人员接受了突击训练课程。
18 ranger RTvxb     
n.国家公园管理员,护林员;骑兵巡逻队员
参考例句:
  • He was the head ranger of the national park.他曾是国家公园的首席看守员。
  • He loved working as a ranger.他喜欢做护林人。
19 versus wi7wU     
prep.以…为对手,对;与…相比之下
参考例句:
  • The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
  • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
20 assessment vO7yu     
n.评价;评估;对财产的估价,被估定的金额
参考例句:
  • This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
  • What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何?
21 evaluation onFxd     
n.估价,评价;赋值
参考例句:
  • I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。
  • The new scheme is still under evaluation.新方案还在评估阶段。
22 maelstrom 38mzJ     
n.大乱动;大漩涡
参考例句:
  • Inside,she was a maelstrom of churning emotions.她心中的情感似波涛汹涌,起伏不定。
  • The anxious person has the spirit like a maelstrom.焦虑的人的精神世界就像一个大漩涡。
23 counselor czlxd     
n.顾问,法律顾问
参考例句:
  • The counselor gave us some disinterested advice.顾问给了我们一些无私的忠告。
  • Chinese commercial counselor's office in foreign countries.中国驻国外商务参赞处。
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