PBS高端访谈:特朗普和共和党瞄准奥巴马时期的各项规定

 　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Now we're going to dig into some of the actions taken this week by the White House and the Congress to roll back Obama era rules and regulations.

　　I am joined by our own Lisa Desjardins and William Brangham.

　　And we welcome both of you. It's good to have you here at the table.

　　William, I'm going to start with you.

　　We heard John Yang reporting earlier the administration did today go after financial regulations that were part — a feature of the Obama administration, including a peace of Dodd-Frank. Tell us about that.

　　WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Yes.

　　Today was what some people would say was the beginning of an all-out rollback. Some would argue it's a dismantling¹ of consumer protections and financial regulations.

　　With regards to Dodd-Frank, this order that the president put out doesn't mention Dodd-Frank by name, but it's all about Dodd-Frank, Dodd-Frank, as you remember, the 2010 law that said we need to fix some of the problems that got us into trouble in 2008, how banks operate, the risks story can take. They created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

　　Critics have hated Dodd-Frank and all of its tentacles² ever since it was created. And now the president has asked the secretary of the treasury³ to look at all the different rules within there, find out which are too costly⁴, which are too burdensome and potentially get rid of them.

　　Supporters of Dodd-Frank would say maybe the law wasn't perfect, but something had to be done to constrain⁵ Wall Street since the 2008 crisis, so we don't see a repeat, and that this move goes in the opposite direction.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Now, the other thing they did which I think is important is they went after a provision that — again, feature of the Obama administration — that affects those individuals who are paid to give retirement⁶ financial advice.

　　WILLIAM BRANGHAM: That's right.

　　This is what was known — this was the rules the Department of Labor⁷ put out. It's called the fiduciary⁸ standard. And last year, the Department of Labor said any financial adviser⁹ or broker¹⁰ has to follow this standard, which means you have to put your clients' interests ahead of your own, and not sell them a package that might kick back fees to you or might not be very good for them as a client.

　　Again, the industry for a long time has said this is burdensome, costly, it stops people from getting good financial advice. And today the memorandum¹¹ that the Trump¹² administration put out said, Department of Labor, look at these rules, figure out which ones we should get rid of.

　　Again, the supporters of these rules argue that roughly $17 billion every single year is lost by people who are given unscrupulous advice and encouraging a dismantling of these rules is a terrible idea.

　　特朗普和共和党瞄准奥巴马时期的各项规定

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Well, it's certainly something we want to continue to pay attention to.

　　So, Lisa, meantime, Congress moving in its own way to roll back some important actions during the Obama administration.

　　LISA DESJARDINS: Right. Right.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: One of them had to do with coal mining and waterways. Tell us about that one.

　　LISA DESJARDINS: So, Congress now is using a very seldom-used law that allows them to go after rules that were passed in the last months of the Obama administration.

　　And the first one is this one, the stream protection rule. And what that does is, it requires mining companies to monitor streams for pollution and then it tells them exactly what quality those streams must meet, or else mining companies must fix the problem.

　　Republicans have moved this week in Congress to roll that back. That legislation is going to President Trump's desk. And now critics of that rule say the problem was twofold, too onerous¹³ on the companies and that it was poorly written, that it affected¹⁴ Great Plains the same way as it did the mining companies in West Virginia that it was really aimed at.

　　But supporters point out that, according to those who wrote this rule, it would have improved thousands of miles of streams.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Now, the other thing we know Congress is working on, hot-button topic, guns and the access that people who may have disabilities, and whether they have access.

　　LISA DESJARDINS: This is another big deal, something that the House passed yesterday. They would roll back a rule that had to do with a 2007 law that came out of the Virginia Tech massacre¹⁵. It was aimed at trying to prevent the mentally ill from obtaining guns.

　　So, what this rule does is, it takes those who are on Social Security disability and who have been found to be mentally impaired¹⁶, puts those names into the national background check system, so they would be prevented from buying guns.

　　Critics — the Republican critics of that law say it's a problem because it's an overreach. It would include anyone who doesn't take care of their own finances. Democrats¹⁷ say it's about safety.

　　Listen to just this split on the House floor yesterday.

　　REP. JACKIE WALORSKI, R-Ind.: If you receive Social Security disability payments and someone helps you manage the payments, this regulation stops you from being able to purchase a firearm.

　　Your name gets added to a federal database, and the burden is on you to prove it doesn't belong there. This is absolutely outrageous¹⁸.

　　REP. JUDY CHU, R-Calif.: This will not only make it easier for even those with severe mental health issues to buy a gun, but it will also take the option for writing similar rules off the table forever, tying the hands of all future administrations.

　　LISA DESJARDINS: So, that reversal of that gun rule now goes to the Senate. It's expected to pass.

　　And, Judy, the thing I want to impress on people is that because of this special law that they're using here, the House and Senate can get these rollbacks through more quickly. They only need a majority vote in the Senate, not 60 votes. We are going to see a lot of these in coming weeks.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: And, again, we're only two weeks in.

　　LISA DESJARDINS: That's right.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Already, all this is happening.

　　Lisa Desjardins, William Brangham, we thank you.

1 dismantling   

（枪支）分解

参考例句：

• The new government set about dismantling their predecessors' legislation. 新政府正着手废除其前任所制定的法律。
• The dismantling of a nuclear reprocessing plant caused a leak of radioactivity yesterday. 昨天拆除核后处理工厂引起了放射物泄漏。

2 tentacles   

n.触手( tentacle的名词复数 )；触角；触须；触毛

参考例句：

• Tentacles of fear closed around her body. 恐惧的阴影笼罩着她。
• Many molluscs have tentacles. 很多软体动物有触角。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

4 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

5 constrain   

vt.限制，约束；克制，抑制

参考例句：

• She tried to constrain herself from a cough in class.上课时她竭力忍住不咳嗽。
• The study will examine the factors which constrain local economic growth.这项研究将考查抑制当地经济发展的因素。

6 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

7 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

8 fiduciary   

adj.受托的，信托的

参考例句：

• A company director owes a fiduciary duty to the company.公司董事应对公司负责受托人责任。
• He was acting in a fiduciary capacity.他以受托人身份行为。

9 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

10 broker   

n.中间人，经纪人；v.作为中间人来安排

参考例句：

• He baited the broker by promises of higher commissions.他答应给更高的佣金来引诱那位经纪人。
• I'm a real estate broker.我是不动产经纪人。

11 memorandum   

n.备忘录，便笺

参考例句：

• The memorandum was dated 23 August,2008.备忘录上注明的日期是2008年8月23日。
• The Secretary notes down the date of the meeting in her memorandum book.秘书把会议日期都写在记事本上。

12 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

13 onerous   

adj.繁重的

参考例句：

• My household duties were not particularly onerous.我的家务活并不繁重。
• This obligation sometimes proves onerous.这一义务有时被证明是艰巨的。

14 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

15 massacre   

n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀

参考例句：

• There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。
• If we forget the massacre,the massacre will happen again!忘记了大屠杀，大屠杀就有可能再次发生！

16 impaired   

adj.受损的；出毛病的；有（身体或智力）缺陷的v.损害，削弱( impair的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Much reading has impaired his vision. 大量读书损害了他的视力。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• His hearing is somewhat impaired. 他的听觉已受到一定程度的损害。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

17 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 outrageous   

adj.无理的，令人不能容忍的

参考例句：

• Her outrageous behaviour at the party offended everyone.她在聚会上的无礼行为触怒了每一个人。
• Charges for local telephone calls are particularly outrageous.本地电话资费贵得出奇。