PBS高端访谈:为什么年轻的俄罗斯人正在动员反对腐败

 　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Widespread protests broke out in cities across Russia's 11 time zones yesterday to denounce government corruption¹.

　　Chief foreign affairs correspondent Margaret Warner begins our coverage².

　　MARGARET WARNER: The sentence for Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny was handed down this morning in Moscow: 15 days in jail for resisting police. He was also fined 20,000 rubles, about $350, for organizing yesterday's mass protests against alleged³ government corruption.

　　ALEXEI NAVALNY, Russian Opposition⁴ Leader (through interpreter): I think yesterday's events have shown there is a large number of voters in Russia who support a candidate who speaks for the fight against corruption. These people demand political representation.

　　MARGARET WARNER: The demonstrations⁵ were the biggest show of defiance⁶ against President Vladimir Putin since 2012. Tens of thousands rallied in 99 cities, from St. Petersburg and Moscow in the west, to Chita in Siberia, to the far Pacific coast port of Vladivostok.

　　Navalny generated the protests, in part, to demand the resignation of Prime Minister and former President Dmitry Medvedev. Navalny released a video earlier this month showcasing myriad⁷ mansions⁸, yachts and vineyards Medvedev allegedly has amassed⁹. Hundreds of protesters were arrested yesterday in Moscow and elsewhere.

　　Today, the European Union called for their release. A Putin spokesman said: "The Kremlin respects people's civic¹⁰ stance and their right to voice their position. We can't express the same respect to those who consciously misled people and provoked illegal actions."

　　White House spokesman Sean Spicer said today:

　　SEAN SPICER, White House Press Secretary: The United States will monitor the situation. And we call on the government of Russia to immediately release all peaceful protesters.

　　MARGARET WARNER: For his part, Navalny has announced plans to challenge Putin for president in 2018. But his eligibility¹¹ to do so is in question over previous criminal charges.

　　For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Margaret Warner.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: For more on the protests, President Putin, and where this goes from here, I'm joined by journalist and author Masha Gessen. She's a contributing opinion writer for The New York Times. And among her books is a study of the Russian president titled "The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin." And she joins me from New York.

　　Masha Gessen, thank you very much for joining us.

　　Ninety-nine cities, the biggest demonstrations in five years, just how significant was this?

　　MASHA GESSEN, The New York Times: It's even bigger than that. It's not just the biggest in five years.

　　It is the first time since 1993 that Russians have come out into the streets without an explicit¹² permission from the government to do so. The main difference between the protests of 2011-2012 and these protests today is that they didn't have permits.

　　These were — the people who were coming out into the streets were very young people, for the most part, who knew that they were all risking arrest. It's an extraordinary event.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: You say young people. Who are the people, mainly, who turned out?

　　MASHA GESSEN: Judging from the video and photo footage, from eyewitness¹³ accounts and from the arrest records, this is the youngest crowd we have seen in the streets.

　　A lot of these people, most of these people are under 30. And a lot of them are high school students. They are people who have never lived in Russia without Putin.

　　为什么年轻的俄罗斯人正在动员反对腐败

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Much of this had to do with this video of Medvedev, the prime minister. What — why was that notable? What was it in that that triggered this reaction?

　　MASHA GESSEN: It's not just a video.

　　It's a huge investigative project carried out by Alexei Navalny's anti-corruption organization. So, they put together a story, and they put together a film that demonstrated and meticulously¹⁴ documented the scale of corruption on the part of Russia's prime minister, Dmitry Medvedev.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: And what was it about the scale of corruption? We mentioned some of it, the houses, the extravagant¹⁵ …

　　MASHA GESSEN: The houses, the 50 pairs of sneakers or however many he orders every month.

　　The — just, it's obscene. And I think that that's a really important aspect of it. It's not just that he has a lot of money. It's that he behaves obscenely with that amount of money. It is sort of — it is unimaginable. It is unimaginable indecency. And it has been made public.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Given the level of repression¹⁶ in Russia, Masha Gessen, what do protesters think they can accomplish?

　　MASHA GESSEN: I don't think these are protesters who have a specific goal in mind, as in, we're going to come out into the streets and get this done.

　　I think that, again, these are very young people, so they may not be fully¹⁷ aware of the threat that they are facing. The last protests in Russia five years ago ended in a massive crackdown and in dozens arrests of peaceful demonstrators who went to prison for years at a time.

　　So, I think it's likely that the same fate will face these young people. I think they may even need a greater crackdown to put an end to these protests, because these are young people who don't watch television and who won't be quite as afraid of jail, just because they are so young.

　　So, what I really fear is, if these protests continue, is the kind of violence in the streets that we haven't seen before in Russia.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: You have mentioned a couple of times the threat that they face. I mean, how real is the threat? What could happen to these people if they continue to come out in the streets?

　　MASHA GESSEN: Well, what has happened to protesters in the past was that, basically, the government in 2012 put an end to a series of mass protests by changing laws, by making it possible to arrest anybody for protests, and by making basically a show of imprisoning¹⁸ not just protest leaders, and not specifically protest leaders, but activists¹⁹, rank-and-file protest participants.

　　That gets across the idea that anybody who joins a protest without being an organizer, without being a visible leader, risks arrest, and not risks just arrest, but years in a Russian jail.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: And do you see anything changing about this regime as a result of this level of public distrust of this government?

　　MASHA GESSEN: Well, yes and no.

　　They're — I mean, these protesters came out against corruption, which is a little bit different from coming out against — politically against this regime. Importantly, they were not protesting the war in Ukraine. They were not protesting the murder of opposition leaders.

　　They were protesting corruption. That does give the government an opportunity to take anti-corruption measures, to fire Medvedev, to fire somebody else who can be accused of corruption, to make a show of fighting corruption. Right?

　　I think these protesters at this point are stopping a little bit short of demanding an end to the Putin regime. Their demands are not explicitly²⁰ political nature. They are really demanding good government. But that could change.

　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Masha Gessen, journalist and author, we thank you.

　　MASHA GESSEN: Thank you.

1 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

2 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

3 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

4 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

5 demonstrations   

证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

6 defiance   

n.挑战，挑衅，蔑视，违抗

参考例句：

• He climbed the ladder in defiance of the warning.他无视警告爬上了那架梯子。
• He slammed the door in a spirit of defiance.他以挑衅性的态度把门砰地一下关上。

7 myriad   

adj.无数的；n.无数，极大数量

参考例句：

• They offered no solution for all our myriad problems.对于我们数不清的问题他们束手无策。
• I had three weeks to make a myriad of arrangements.我花了三个星期做大量准备工作。

8 mansions   

n.宅第，公馆，大厦( mansion的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Fifth Avenue was boarded up where the rich had deserted their mansions. 第五大道上的富翁们已经出去避暑，空出的宅第都已锁好了门窗，钉上了木板。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
• Oh, the mansions, the lights, the perfume, the loaded boudoirs and tables! 啊，那些高楼大厦、华灯、香水、藏金收银的闺房还有摆满山珍海味的餐桌！ 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

9 amassed   

v.积累，积聚( amass的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He amassed a fortune from silver mining. 他靠开采银矿积累了一笔财富。
• They have amassed a fortune in just a few years. 他们在几年的时间里就聚集了一笔财富。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 civic   

adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的

参考例句：

• I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。
• The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。

11 eligibility   

n.合格，资格

参考例句：

• What are the eligibility requirements? 病人被选参加试验的要求是什么？ 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望
• Eligibility for HINARI access is based on gross national income (GNI). 进入HINARI获取计划是依据国民总收入来评定的。

12 explicit   

adj.详述的，明确的；坦率的；显然的

参考例句：

• She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
• He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。

13 eyewitness   

n.目击者，见证人

参考例句：

• The police questioned several eyewitness to the murder.警察询问了谋杀案的几位目击者。
• He was the only eyewitness of the robbery.他是那起抢劫案的唯一目击者。

14 meticulously   

adv.过细地，异常细致地；无微不至；精心

参考例句：

• The hammer's silvery head was etched with holy runs and its haft was meticulously wrapped in blue leather. 锤子头是纯银制成的，雕刻着神圣符文，而握柄则被精心地包裹在蓝色的皮革中。 来自辞典例句
• She is always meticulously accurate in punctuation and spelling. 她的标点和拼写总是非常精确。 来自辞典例句

15 extravagant   

adj.奢侈的；过分的；(言行等)放肆的

参考例句：

• They tried to please him with fulsome compliments and extravagant gifts.他们想用溢美之词和奢华的礼品来取悦他。
• He is extravagant in behaviour.他行为放肆。

16 repression   

n.镇压，抑制，抑压

参考例句：

• The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
• This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。

17 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

18 imprisoning   

v.下狱，监禁( imprison的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Mr Afwerki may disgust his compatriots by torturing and imprisoning his critics. Afwerki总统拷打和监禁他的反对者已经使的国人生厌。 来自互联网
• Proud and intelligent, it takes great pleasure and imprisoning enemies through psionic exploitation. 它骄傲并狡猾，非常喜欢囚禁敌人并剥夺他们的智力。 来自互联网

19 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 explicitly   

ad.明确地，显然地

参考例句：

• The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
• SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条，清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法