PBS高端访谈:随着摩苏尔的解放 伊拉克如何确保ISIS不会卷土重来?

 　　Iraqi leaders and the top American military commander in Iraq proclaimed the liberation of the city of Mosul yesterday. But what's the next step in that war-torn country?

　　Does the Iraqi government have a plan to prevent ISIS from returning and to rebuild Iraq's second largest city?

　　For some answers, we turn to Feisal Istrabadi. He's a former Iraqi diplomat¹, and he's now director of the Middle East Center at Indiana University, Bloomington.

　　Feisal Istrabadi, welcome back to the program. How much of a blow to ISIS was the retaking of the city of Mosul?

　　Well, it's a huge blow, because one of the ways in which ISIL distinguished² its brand from al-Qaida before was that it was able to conquer and hold territory, erase³ an international boundary,

　　declare a caliphate, and engage in the fight against forces that regard it as infidel, be they other Muslims or Western forces.

　　And so it sort of distinguished itself in that way. And now it is retreating. It has lost the largest city that it occupied.

　　There are plans under way to make it lose Raqqa as well in Syria, and slowly -- and hopefully not slowly to expel it from Iraq.

　　So, it's a psychological and an ideological⁴, huge blow to ISIL.

　　What does it still control? What capability⁵ does it still have?

　　Well, it still has the ability -- I mean, your own reporting earlier in the program was that it still is able to put on sort of the skirmish attacks,

　　although, last week, it was able to manage to conduct an attempt at a counterattack, which was repelled⁷, of course.

　　But the main fear that I have now is that ISIL becomes a classical terrorist organization, as al-Qaida was before, able to pull off, you know, attacks of varying size in Baghdad and other places.

　　And we're already seeing that it is metamorphosing into that kind of an organization. And that again is deeply disturbing.

　　And how well-equipped is the government of Iraq to deal with that?

　　It's very difficult to repel⁶ those sorts of attacks.

　　You have to have perfect intelligence and a perfect ability to respond.

　　And, unfortunately, neither the Iraqi government now, nor the Americans when they had a large presence, when the U.S. had a large presence in Iraq, have been able to control that.

　　The ultimate solution for this problem has to be political.

　　It has to be a situation where sort of the underlying⁸ disease which has allowed at least enough people to fail to participate in the political process,

　　that sort of disease has to be treated, rather than continuing to treat the symptoms of the disease.

　　And that, we have collectively, the Iraqis, the international community, we have collectively failed to do that over the years.

　　You're referring to the sectarian divisions in Iraq that have led to one group prevailing⁹ over another.

　　Do you see any improvement in the Shia-Sunni divisions in Iraq over the last several years since the larger war ended there?

　　I see hope that the future need not be what the past has been.

　　I think that, in distinction to his predecessor¹⁰, the current prime minister of Iraq has good intentions.

　　What we don't have, however, is a plan. Good intentions will not get us past this sort of impasse¹¹ that we have been in since after 2003.

　　There needs to be a coming together of the Iraqi political class, and a sort of a sorting out of what our priorities are and how we prepare our modus vivendi,

　　how we engage in reconciliation¹², what kinds of power-sharing we're willing to engage, all within a larger constitutional, democratic framework.

　　And that, unfortunately, we haven't done. And now we have to do it at the same time as we have the reconstruction¹³ of the country at hand, as well,

　　of course, as providing immediate¹⁴ humanitarian¹⁵ relief for the refugees fleeing the cities that are being liberated¹⁶ from ISIL.

　　And when you speak of we having to do this, are you referring to the United States or are you referring to the Iraqi government?

　　All of us.

　　I think that that is something that the international community, the United States, of course the Iraqis in the first instance -- it has to be an Iraqi project in the first instance.

　　But the United States is a part of the process. The international community needs to encourage these three tracks,

　　sort of the immediate humanitarian relief, the physical rebuilding of the country, and, more importantly, the political rebuilding of the country.

　　That is going to be sort of a multipronged effort that has to occur simultaneously¹⁷. And the Iraqis will need the support of the international community.

　　And very, very quickly, you see the will of the international community to do that?

　　I hope so, because the failure of the Iraqis to do this, the failure of the international community to support this effort will mean that,

　　just as al-Qaida left ISIL, this incarnation of ISIL will lead to ISIL 2.0, 3.0, 4.0.

　　And that's just condemning¹⁸ the Middle East, the region and perhaps the world to an endless cycle of violence.

　　A sobering message.

　　Feisal Istrabadi, we thank you very much.

　　Thank you. It's a pleasure, as always. undefined

1 diplomat   

n.外交官，外交家；能交际的人，圆滑的人

参考例句：

• The diplomat threw in a joke, and the tension was instantly relieved.那位外交官插进一个笑话，紧张的气氛顿时缓和下来。
• He served as a diplomat in Russia before the war.战前他在俄罗斯当外交官。

2 distinguished   

adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的

参考例句：

• Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
• A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

3 erase   

v.擦掉；消除某事物的痕迹

参考例句：

• He tried to erase the idea from his mind.他试图从头脑中抹掉这个想法。
• Please erase my name from the list.请把我的名字从名单上擦去。

4 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

5 capability   

n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等

参考例句：

• She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
• Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。

6 repel   

v.击退，抵制，拒绝，排斥

参考例句：

• A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。
• Particles with similar electric charges repel each other.电荷同性的分子互相排斥。

7 repelled   

v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 )；使厌恶；排斥；推开

参考例句：

• They repelled the enemy. 他们击退了敌军。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The minister tremulously, but decidedly, repelled the old man's arm. 而丁梅斯代尔牧师却哆里哆嗦地断然推开了那老人的胳臂。 来自英汉文学 - 红字

8 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

9 prevailing   

adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的

参考例句：

• She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city.她的发型是这个城市流行的款式。
• This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society.这反映了社会上盛行的态度和价值观。

10 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

11 impasse   

n.僵局；死路

参考例句：

• The government had reached an impasse.政府陷入绝境。
• Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse.谈判似乎已经陷入僵局。

12 reconciliation   

n.和解，和谐，一致

参考例句：

• He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
• Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。

13 reconstruction   

n.重建，再现，复原

参考例句：

• The country faces a huge task of national reconstruction following the war.战后，该国面临着重建家园的艰巨任务。
• In the period of reconstruction,technique decides everything.在重建时期，技术决定一切。

14 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

15 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

16 liberated   

a.无拘束的，放纵的

参考例句：

• The city was liberated by the advancing army. 军队向前挺进，解放了那座城市。
• The heat brings about a chemical reaction, and oxygen is liberated. 热量引起化学反应，释放出氧气。

17 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

18 condemning   

v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地

参考例句：

• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。
• I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done. 我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》