PBS高端访谈:朝鲜使美韩联合军演更加紧迫

 　　But first, war games in Korea. For decades, the U.S. and South Koreans have practiced military exercises, often involving tens of thousands of troops and massive firepower.

　　The U.S. says they're designed to enhance readiness and maintain stability.

　　The drills that started Monday and will continue into next week don't look particularly threatening.

　　But some Korea watchers are calling them provocative¹. NewsHour special correspondent Nick Schifrin has this report.

　　As visuals go, this is as provocative as this month's U.S.-South Korea exercises get.

　　Four men with 15 stars in front of a Patriot² missile defense³ system in South Korea.

　　We have had the responsibility of providing military options to our national leaders.

　　And exercises are a way of making sure that the option is a ready option, it's a capable option.

　　General Vincent Brooks⁴ is the U.S.' top commander in South Korea.

　　He is leading exercises that are almost entirely⁵ computer simulations, as seen here in the 2013 version.

　　It doesn't look like much, but the exercises allow the U.S. and South Korea militaries to test their communication in case of war.

　　Being in readiness to fight tonight if we have to is what we'll do.

　　But exercises the U.S. calls defensive⁶ North Korea calls provocative.

　　Today, state TV showed a smiling Kim Jong-un ordering the production of more rocket warheads and engines.

　　And a not so subtle hint on the poster that North Korea is developing a new missile design.

　　North Korea said the exercises were driving the peninsula to war, and vowed⁷ to respond.

　　U.S. warmongers⁸ ignored our warning that they should act cautiously and instead made a dangerous military provocation⁹.

　　They will not be able to avoid merciless retaliation¹⁰ and unsparing punishment.

　　To say these defensive, deterrence¹¹ exercises are the cause of North Korea's insecurity simply have it backwards¹².

　　Balbina Hwang is a visiting Georgetown professor and former senior State Department advisor¹³ on North Korea.

　　She points out in the last few years, the North Koreans have dramatically increased their missile tests and missile capacities.

　　And it's those tests that make U.S. preparedness crucial.

　　It is very important for the U.N. forces, U.S. and South Korea, to be able to maintain constantly, modern, capable defense and deterrence. That is the purpose of the exercise.

　　But the U.S. and South Korea also conduct annual exercises with massive numbers of forces, and massive amounts of live fire.

　　These are held every spring, and when considered alongside with this month's exercises,

　　the U.S. should acknowledge North Korean anxieties are legitimate¹⁴, argues Mansfield Foundation President Frank Jannuzi.

　　Every time we are practicing, whether it's field exercises, or even a table top exercise, they get a little bit nervous about what we might do.

　　They also worry about the capabilities¹⁵ that we're demonstrating.

　　And in this particular exercise in the past, we have sometimes demonstrated a capability¹⁶ to launch a decapitation attack, attacking the North Korean leadership.

　　Jannuzi participated in 2004 talks that froze and dismantled¹⁷ North Korea's nuclear program in exchange for economic assistance.

　　He was a State Department and congressional North Korea policy analyst¹⁸.

　　He believes these exercises contribute to increased tensions, and that the U.S. should change them to send a signal.

　　Deterrence can be bolstered¹⁹ without flexing²⁰ our muscles with B-52 bombers²¹, or B-2 bombers, nuclear capable strike aircraft that could annihilate²² North Korea.

　　We don't need necessarily to practice those martial²³ arts.

　　Over the last few weeks, some of the tension has cooled. Last night, President Trump²⁴ even praised Kim Jong-un.

　　I believe he is starting to respect us, I respect that fact very much.

　　Respect that fact. And maybe, probably not, but maybe, something positive can come about.

　　And North Korea, despite fiery²⁵ rhetoric²⁶, has indicated it doesn't want increased conflict.

　　All this talk and rhetoric about shooting missiles and sea of fire and nuclear war, that's talk. But what were the actual actions?

　　We do not see any particular increase in North Korean military readiness for war.

　　We don't see any sort of major maneuvering²⁷ that would indicate North Korea is ready to launch any kind of major conventional or military strike.

　　A close reading of North Korea's statements has provided signals to the United States that in fact they are open to negotiations²⁸, they're willing to sit down and talk with us.

　　We need to test them. And we need to explore what, if anything, is possible through those talks.

　　And those commanders leading this month's exercise, including Admiral Harry²⁹ Harris, say they hope their readiness creates room for diplomacy³⁰.

　　Incredible combat power should be in support of diplomacy, and not the other way around.

　　So, the U.S. exercises and the North Korean rhetoric will continue.

　　But, from all indications, both sides hope the preparations for war and the threats of war don't lead to war. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Nick Schifrin. undefined

1 provocative   

adj.挑衅的，煽动的，刺激的，挑逗的

参考例句：

• She wore a very provocative dress.她穿了一件非常性感的裙子。
• His provocative words only fueled the argument further.他的挑衅性讲话只能使争论进一步激化。

2 patriot   

n.爱国者，爱国主义者

参考例句：

• He avowed himself a patriot.他自称自己是爱国者。
• He is a patriot who has won the admiration of the French already.他是一个已经赢得法国人敬仰的爱国者。

3 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

4 brooks   

n.小溪( brook的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Brooks gave the business when Haas caught him with his watch. 哈斯抓到偷他的手表的布鲁克斯时，狠狠地揍了他一顿。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were severely punished today. 艾德和布鲁克斯昨天打起来了，今天他们受到严厉的惩罚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

6 defensive   

adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的

参考例句：

• Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
• The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。

7 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

8 warmongers   

n.战争贩子( warmonger的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The speech hits out at warmongers. 演讲猛烈地抨击了战争贩子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The imperialist warmongers stand condemned by the people of the whole world. 帝国主义的战争贩子受到全世界人民的谴责。 来自互联网

9 provocation   

n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因

参考例句：

• He's got a fiery temper and flares up at the slightest provocation.他是火爆性子，一点就着。
• They did not react to this provocation.他们对这一挑衅未作反应。

10 retaliation   

n.报复，反击

参考例句：

• retaliation against UN workers 对联合国工作人员的报复
• He never said a single word in retaliation. 他从未说过一句反击的话。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 deterrence   

威慑，制止； 制止物，制止因素； 挽留的事物； 核威慑

参考例句：

• An extreme school of "disarmers" pronounced stable deterrence was a dangerous deception. “裁军论者”中的极端派声称，稳定的威摄是一种危险的骗局。
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。

12 backwards   

adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地

参考例句：

• He turned on the light and began to pace backwards and forwards.他打开电灯并开始走来走去。
• All the girls fell over backwards to get the party ready.姑娘们迫不及待地为聚会做准备。

13 advisor   

n.顾问，指导老师，劝告者

参考例句：

• They employed me as an advisor.他们聘请我当顾问。
• The professor is engaged as a technical advisor.这位教授被聘请为技术顾问。

14 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

15 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

16 capability   

n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等

参考例句：

• She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
• Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。

17 dismantled   

拆开( dismantle的过去式和过去分词 )； 拆卸； 废除； 取消

参考例句：

• The plant was dismantled of all its equipment and furniture. 这家工厂的设备和家具全被拆除了。
• The Japanese empire was quickly dismantled. 日本帝国很快被打垮了。

18 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

19 bolstered   

v.支持( bolster的过去式和过去分词 )；支撑；给予必要的支持；援助

参考例句：

• He bolstered his plea with new evidence. 他举出新的证据来支持他的抗辩。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The data must be bolstered by inferences and indirect estimates of varying degrees of reliability. 这些资料必须借助于推理及可靠程度不同的间接估计。 来自辞典例句

20 flexing   

n.挠曲，可挠性v.屈曲( flex的现在分词 )；弯曲；（为准备大干而）显示实力；摩拳擦掌

参考例句：

• Flexing particular muscles allows snakes to move in several ways. 可弯曲的特殊的肌肉使蛇可以用几种方式移动。 来自电影对白
• China has become an economic superpower and is flexing its muscles. 中国已经成为了一个经济巨人而且在展示他的肌肉。 来自互联网

21 bombers   

n.轰炸机( bomber的名词复数 )；投弹手；安非他明胶囊；大麻叶香烟

参考例句：

• Enemy bombers carried out a blitz on the city. 敌军轰炸机对这座城市进行了突袭。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Royal Airforce sill remained dangerously short of bombers. 英国皇家空军仍未脱离极为缺乏轰炸机的危境。 来自《简明英汉词典》

22 annihilate   

v.使无效；毁灭；取消

参考例句：

• Archer crumpled up the yellow sheet as if the gesture could annihilate the news it contained.阿切尔把这张黄纸揉皱，好象用这个动作就会抹掉里面的消息似的。
• We should bear in mind that we have to annihilate the enemy.我们要把歼敌的重任时刻记在心上。

23 martial   

adj.战争的，军事的，尚武的，威武的

参考例句：

• The sound of martial music is always inspiring.军乐声总是鼓舞人心的。
• The officer was convicted of desertion at a court martial.这名军官在军事法庭上被判犯了擅离职守罪。

24 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

25 fiery   

adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的

参考例句：

• She has fiery red hair.她有一头火红的头发。
• His fiery speech agitated the crowd.他热情洋溢的讲话激动了群众。

26 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

27 maneuvering   

v.移动，用策略( maneuver的现在分词 )；操纵

参考例句：

• This Manstein did, with some brilliant maneuvering under the worse winter conditions. 曼施坦因在最恶劣的严冬条件下，出色地施展了灵活机动的战术，终于完成了任务。 来自辞典例句
• In short, large goals required farsighted policies, not tactical maneuvering. 一句话，大的目标需要有高瞻远瞩的政策，玩弄策略是不行的。 来自辞典例句

28 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

29 harry   

vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼

参考例句：

• Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天，人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
• Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。

30 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。