PBS高端访谈:以色列和巴勒斯坦之间的战火为何迟迟不熄?

President Biden spoke¹ today with Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu about the spiraling violence between Israelis and Palestinians.

今天，拜登总统与以色列总理本杰明·内塔尼亚胡就以色列和巴勒斯坦之间不断升级的暴力进行了谈话。

Mr. Biden said he hoped this latest conflict would end sooner than later. But Netanyahu said they will continue to strike Hamas militants³ and their military capabilities⁴.

拜登说他希望最近的冲突能尽快结束，但内塔尼亚胡则表示他们会将继续打击哈马斯激进分子及其军事能力。

Thus far, at least 53 Palestinians, including 14 children, have been killed. Seven Israelis have died in rocket attacks.

截止到目前，至少有53名巴勒斯坦人丧生，其中包括14名儿童，7名以色列人在火箭袭击中丧生。

Even so, as John Yang reports, Israel stepped up airstrikes in Gaza, and Hamas militants continued rocket fire into Israel.

尽管如此，据约翰·杨报道，以色列加强了对加沙的空袭，哈马斯武装分子继续向以色列发射火箭。

Today, plumes⁵ of gray smoke marked the sites of more Israeli airstrikes that pummeled the Gaza Strip, as the latest spasm⁶ of violence showed no signs of letting up. Most of a high-rise building in Gaza City collapsed⁷.

今天，以色列对加沙地带进行了更多空袭，而最近的暴力事件没有任何停止的迹象。加沙城的一座高层建筑已经大面积倒塌。

In Khan Yunis, at the Southern end of Gaza, people searched through the rubble⁸ for victims in a building hit by an airstrike. Ambulances rushed the injured to a hospital after a car was hit.

在加沙南端的汗尤尼斯，人们在一座遭到空袭的建筑的废墟中寻找遇难者。一辆汽车被撞击后，救护车迅速将伤者送往医院。

What should I say? This is a crime. They were civilians¹⁰, a woman, her children, a barber and a shop owner. These are the people who were at the scene. They didn't hit a militant², nor an official. We are civilians.

要我说些什么？这就是犯罪。他们是平民，一个妇女，还有她的孩子，一个理发师和一个店主。这些都是在现场的人。他们既没有袭击激进分子，也没有袭击官员。我们只是平民。

At a nearby morgue, a woman grieved the loss of her grandchild killed in a blast and those who remain missing.

在附近的一间停尸房里，一名妇女正在为失去爆炸中丧生的孙子和那些仍下落不明的人而悲伤。

My son's wife and my son's son died, and my son's daughter is missing without any trace. The Jews target women and children. My son's wife is five months pregnant. This is terrorism. They bombed them without any warning.

我儿子的妻子和孩子都死了，我儿子的女儿失踪了，没有任何踪迹。犹太人的目标是妇女和儿童，我儿子的妻子已经怀孕五个月了。这是恐怖主义，他们毫无预兆地轰炸了他们。

Several leaders of the militant wing of Hamas have been killed, including its Gaza City commander, the highest-ranking Hamas official killed since 2014. At least one Israeli soldier has died.

哈马斯武装组织的几名领导人被杀，包括加沙城指挥官，这是自2014年以来被杀的最高级别的哈马斯官员。以色列至少一名士兵死亡。

Israelis and Palestinians are grappling with the worst conflict since the 50-day war in 2014, with no resolution in sight. Steven David is a political science professor at Johns Hopkins University:

以色列和巴勒斯坦正努力应对自2014年50天战争以来最严重的冲突，目前尚无解决方案。史蒂文·大卫是约翰·霍普金斯大学的政治学教授：

There is a spiral of escalation¹¹, and the spiral of escalation, sadly, not only is killing¹² and wounding many people, but is supporting the political interests of the belligerents¹³.

局势不断升级，可悲的是，这种升级不仅造成许多人伤亡，而且还支持了交战各方的政治利益。

In the mixed Arab-Jewish city of Lod, home to Israel's international airport, burned cars filled the streets.

在阿拉伯-犹太人混居的城市卢德，那里是以色列国际机场所在地，街道上全是燃烧的汽车。

Arab-Israeli protesters set them and a nearby synagogue on fire overnight in response to the airstrikes. Israelis gathered Torah scrolls¹⁴ left in the aftermath.

作为对空袭的回应，阿拉伯-以色列抗议者彻夜放火焚烧了这些教堂和附近的一座犹太教堂。以色列人收集了事后留下的犹太教经典卷轴。

We had a nightmare of a night, a real riot by hundreds of Arab youths. They came in masses, torched car after car, trash bins¹⁵, broke windows. And it was really dangerous to leave the house.

我们经历了一个噩梦般的夜晚，成百上千的阿拉伯青年发动了一场真正的暴乱。他们成群结队地赶来，烧毁一辆又一辆的汽车，焚烧垃圾桶，砸碎窗户。离开家真的很危险。

Police have since imposed a curfew there. In the northern city of Umm al-Fahm, Arab-Israeli protesters set off fireworks at Israeli police firing stun¹⁶ grenades.

警方已经在那里实施了宵禁。在北部城市乌姆法姆，阿拉伯-以色列抗议者向发射震爆弹的以色列警察投掷烟花。

But, in Bat Yam, just south of Tel Aviv, a mob of Israelis pulled an Arab man from his car and savagely¹⁷ beat him. Earlier today, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu addressed the unrest.

但是，在特拉维夫南部的巴特亚姆，一群以色列暴徒把一名阿拉伯人从车里拖出来，并对他进行野蛮殴打。今天早些时候，总理本杰明·内塔尼亚胡就骚乱发表了讲话。

We are in a struggle on multiple fronts. We are continuing our efforts to stop the anarchy¹⁸ and restore governance to the cities of Israel, with an iron fist, if needed, with all forces needed and all authorities required.

我们正在多条战线上战斗，我们正持续努力制止无政府状态，施以铁腕手段(必要时会动用所有警力和所有当局)来恢复以色列各城市的治理。

At the State Department, Secretary Antony Blinken renewed American support for Israel's defense¹⁹ against Hamas, while calling for de-escalation.

在国务院，国务卿安东尼·布林肯重申了美国对以色列对抗哈马斯的支持，同时呼吁缓和局势。

Israel has an extra burden in trying to do everything it possibly can to avoid civilian⁹ casualties, even as it is rightfully responding in defense of its people.

以色列在“尽一切可能避免平民伤亡”方面承担着额外的压力，即便它正在为保卫其人民作出正当的反应。

And, as I said, Palestinian people have the right to safety and security. And we have to, I think, all work in that direction.

正如我所说的，巴勒斯坦人民有权享有安全和保障。我认为，我们都必须朝这个方向努力。

Later, Netanyahu tweeted that he had spoken with Blinken by phone: "I thanked him for American support for Israel's right to self-defense, a right that the secretary of state repeated in our conversation."

之后，内塔尼亚胡在推特上表示他已经与布林肯通过电话：“我感谢他，因为美国支持以色列的自卫权，国务卿在我们的谈话中也重申了这一权利。”

At the White House, Press Secretary Jen Psaki said President Biden was working to fill the vacant post of U.S. ambassador to Israel.

白宫新闻秘书莎琪说，拜登总统正努力填补美国驻以色列大使的空缺。

That's in process. And when it's ready, we will announce that. But, in the meantime, we have great confidence in our team on the ground in Jerusalem.

目前正在进行当中。届时准备好了，我们会宣布的。但与此同时，我们对我们在耶路撒冷的团队充满信心。

The conflict in the Middle East enormously complicates²⁰ the Biden administration's efforts to, if not ignore, to at least disregard the Middle East.

中东冲突使拜登政府(就算不是忽视，至少是无视)中东问题的努力复杂化。

But while the United States may want to leave the Middle East alone, the Middle East does not want to leave the United States alone.

但是，尽管美国可能想让中东独善其身，中东却不想让美国独善其身。

Amid the conflict, many Muslims on the West Bank are preparing for Eid al-Fitr, marking the end of the holy month of Ramadan. But not all are in the mood to celebrate what is usually a joyous²¹ occasion.

在冲突中，约旦河西岸的许多穆斯林正在为开斋节做准备，开斋节标志着神圣的斋月的结束。但并不是所有人都有心情庆祝这个通常是喜庆的时刻。

The conditions are a bit tough. Not a bit, actually. They are very tough on everyone. This is not the Eid atmosphere.

条件有点艰难，其实不止是有点儿艰难。他们对所有人都很严厉，这不是开斋节的气氛。

Look at the market. It is deserted²² because of what is happening in Gaza, in Jerusalem, in Al-Aqsa.

看看这个市场，它被遗弃是因为加沙、耶路撒冷和阿克萨正在发生的事情。

As the unrelenting violence casts a pall²³ for both sides. For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm John Yang.

无情的暴力给双方都蒙上了阴影。这里是“PBS新闻一小时节目”，我是杨约翰。

1 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

2 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

3 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

4 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

5 plumes   

羽毛( plume的名词复数 )； 羽毛饰； 羽毛状物； 升上空中的羽状物

参考例句：

• The dancer wore a headdress of pink ostrich plumes. 那位舞蹈演员戴着粉色鸵鸟毛制作的头饰。
• The plumes on her bonnet barely moved as she nodded. 她点点头，那帽子的羽毛在一个劲儿颤动。

6 spasm   

n.痉挛，抽搐；一阵发作

参考例句：

• When the spasm passed,it left him weak and sweating.一阵痉挛之后，他虚弱无力，一直冒汗。
• He kicked the chair in a spasm of impatience.他突然变得不耐烦，一脚踢向椅子。

7 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。

8 rubble   

n.（一堆）碎石，瓦砾

参考例句：

• After the earthquake,it took months to clean up the rubble.地震后，花了数月才清理完瓦砾。
• After the war many cities were full of rubble.战后许多城市到处可见颓垣残壁。

9 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

10 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

11 escalation   

n.扩大，增加

参考例句：

• The threat of nuclear escalation remains. 核升级的威胁仍旧存在。 来自辞典例句
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。 来自辞典例句

12 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

13 belligerents   

n.交战的一方（指国家、集团或个人）( belligerent的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• At long last an armistice was declared by the belligerents. 交战双方终于宣布停战。 来自辞典例句
• Yet it remains unclear whether the actual belligerents will accept it. 但真正的交战双方是否会接受还是个未知数。 来自互联网

14 scrolls   

n.（常用于录写正式文件的）纸卷( scroll的名词复数 )；卷轴；涡卷形（装饰）；卷形花纹v.（电脑屏幕上）从上到下移动（资料等），卷页( scroll的第三人称单数 )；（似卷轴般）卷起；（像展开卷轴般地）将文字显示于屏幕

参考例句：

• Either turn it off or only pick up selected stuff like wands, rings and scrolls. 把他关掉然后只捡你需要的物品，像是魔杖(wand)，戒指(rings)和滚动条(scrolls)。 来自互联网
• Ancient scrolls were found in caves by the Dead Sea. 死海旁边的山洞里发现了古代的卷轴。 来自辞典例句

15 bins   

n.大储藏箱( bin的名词复数 )；宽口箱（如面包箱，垃圾箱等）v.扔掉，丢弃( bin的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Garbage from all sources was deposited in bins on trolleys. 来自各方的垃圾是装在手推车上的垃圾箱里的。 来自辞典例句
• Would you be pleased at the prospect of its being on sale in dump bins? 对于它将被陈列在倾销箱中抛售这件事，你能欣然接受吗？ 来自辞典例句

16 stun   

vt.打昏，使昏迷，使震惊，使惊叹

参考例句：

• When they told me she had gone missing I was totally stunned.他们告诉我她不见了时，我当时完全惊呆了。
• Sam stood his ground and got a blow that stunned him.萨姆站在原地，被一下打昏了。

17 savagely   

adv. 野蛮地，残酷地

参考例句：

• The roses had been pruned back savagely. 玫瑰被狠狠地修剪了一番。
• He snarled savagely at her. 他向她狂吼起来。

18 anarchy   

n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• There would be anarchy if we had no police.要是没有警察，社会就会无法无天。
• The country was thrown into a state of anarchy.这国家那时一下子陷入无政府状态。

19 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

20 complicates   

使复杂化( complicate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• What complicates the issue is the burden of history. 历史的重负使问题复杂化了。
• Russia as a great and ambitious power gravely complicates the situation. 俄国作为一个强大而有野心的国家，使得局势异常复杂。

21 joyous   

adj.充满快乐的；令人高兴的

参考例句：

• The lively dance heightened the joyous atmosphere of the scene.轻快的舞蹈给这场戏渲染了欢乐气氛。
• They conveyed the joyous news to us soon.他们把这一佳音很快地传递给我们。

22 deserted   

adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的

参考例句：

• The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。
• The enemy chieftain was opposed and deserted by his followers.敌人头目众叛亲离。

23 pall   

v.覆盖，使平淡无味；n.柩衣，棺罩；棺材；帷幕

参考例句：

• Already the allure of meals in restaurants had begun to pall.饭店里的饭菜已经不像以前那样诱人。
• I find his books begin to pall on me after a while.我发觉他的书读过一阵子就开始对我失去吸引力。