时差N小时 追随别人的目光

Don:Time to go again to the A Moment of Science mailbag. A listener writers: Dear Yael and Don: Why is it that whenever I see someone looking at something, like someone gazing up at the sky, I look there too? Is it just me, or do we all do this?

唐：又到了科学一刻读信时间了。 一位听众写道：亲爱的雅艾尔和唐，每当我看见别人在看某件事物时，比如说望向天空，我也会朝那个方向看，这是为什么呢？只有我是这样，还是大家都这样做？

Yael:Great question! And the answer is that what scientists call gaze-following is pretty much a universal human trait. We're all prone¹ to follow another person's gaze even if we're not sure what they're looking at, or why.

雅艾尔：这个问题问得好！科学家称这种现象为视线追随，几乎全人类所共有的特征。我们都倾向于跟随别人的目光，即使不知道他们在看什么，或者为什么看。

Don:Right. But why do we gaze-follow? British researchers think it dates back to our primitive² primate³ ancestors, who may have evolved the behavior as a way to locate food. When the British scientists studied gaze-following in lemurs, which are very primitive primates⁴, they found that lemurs do in fact use gaze-following as a strategy to locate areas likely to contain food. When a lemur sees one or more of its fellows looking in a particular direction, it will turn its attention that way, too. And at some point the lemur is likely to search that area for hidden food.

唐：对。但是我们为什么会追随别人的目光？英国研究人员认为，这种行为可以追朔到我们的灵长类祖先，这是进化的结果，灵长类动物把这当做寻找食物的一种方式。当英国科学家用狐猴做实验时，发现狐猴实际上是利用目光追随来定位有食物的区域。当一个狐猴看见一只或者一群同胞正看向特定的方向时，也会将注意力集中到那个方向。而且在大多情况下，狐猴很有可能在那片区域找到潜在的食物。

Yael:Of course, gaze-following could also be a way of sensing danger and staying away from a certain place. In any case, the point is that our human tendency to gaze-follow could have ancient origins. We no longer follow gazes for foraging⁵ purposes. But it's still useful as a way of being alerted to something interesting, or menacing, in the vicinity.

雅艾尔：当然，目光追随也是一种感知危险，远离某个场所的方式。在任何情况下，人类这种追随别人目光的倾向很可能源自古时，这点值得一提。虽然我们不再以觅食的目的，但目光追随仍然可以用来发现身边的趣事或者危险。

1 prone   

adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的

参考例句：

• Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
• He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气。

2 primitive   

adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物

参考例句：

• It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
• His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。

3 primate   

n.灵长类（目）动物，首席主教；adj.首要的

参考例句：

• 14 percent of primate species are highly endangered.14%的灵长类物种处于高度濒危状态。
• The woolly spider monkey is the largest primate in the Americas.绒毛蛛猴是美洲最大的灵长类动物。

4 primates   

primate的复数

参考例句：

• Primates are alert, inquisitive animals. 灵长目动物是机灵、好奇的动物。
• Consciousness or cerebration has been said to have emerged in the evolution of higher primates. 据说意识或思考在较高级灵长类的进化中已出现。

5 foraging   

v.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）( forage的现在分词 )；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西）

参考例句：

• They eke out a precarious existence foraging in rubbish dumps. 他们靠在垃圾场捡垃圾维持着朝不保夕的生活。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The campers went foraging for wood to make a fire. 露营者去搜寻柴木点火。 来自辞典例句