时差N小时 沙拉,汉堡还是薯条？

Yeal: So, Don, when you go to Mcdonald's...

雅艾尔：那么，唐，你什么时候去麦当劳...

Dan: I don't go to Mcdonald's.

唐：我不去麦当劳。

Yeal: OK, but if you did. And saw that they have salad on the menu, would you get the salad or something less healthful like a cheeseburg in french fries?

雅艾尔：好吧，但你曾经去过。如果看见菜单上有沙拉，你会点沙拉还是其它不那么健康的食物，比如双层吉士汉堡和法式薯条？

Dan: Well, if I saw, if they had a salad, I guess that's what I'll get.

唐：嗯，如果我看见他们的菜单上有沙拉，我想我会点沙拉。

Yeal: Maybe. But researchers've actually studied this. They showed people two fast food-type menus: one with three typically unhealthful items, like a hamburger, a chicken sandwich and French fries; and the other menu had the same items but also included a salad.

雅艾尔：也许吧。其实研究人员们对此进行过研究。他们提供给人们两个快餐菜单：其中一个菜单有三项典型的不健康食物，比如汉堡，鸡肉三明治和法式薯条；另一个菜单上也有这三种食物，另外添加了沙拉。

Dan: And?

唐：然后呢？

Yeal: And the people who saw the menu with the salad were nearly three times more likely to choose the least healthful item, the French fries. Almost nobody actually chose the salad.

雅艾尔：看见菜单上有沙拉的人选择最不健康的食物法式薯条的可能性是其它食物的三倍之多。几乎没人选择沙拉。

Dan:So you say that the presence¹ of the salad as a healthy choice somehow spurred² people to make the most unhealthy choice, why?

唐：所以你认为菜单上出现像沙拉这样的健康食物，会从某种程度上刺激人们选择最不健康的食物，为什么呢？

Yeal: It's called vicarious goal fulfillment.The idea is that merely seeing and considering the salad fulfills³ your goal of eating healthfully. Then you feel like you've done your duty, and go on to order what amounts to an unhealthful treat, like extra large fry or a huge hamburger.

雅艾尔：这就叫替代目标实现。仅仅是看见或者考虑沙拉就会满足你健康饮食的目标。这种观点会让你觉得自己尽到了责任，之后继续去点不健康的食物，比如超大薯条或者巨型汉堡。

Dan: But maybe just knowing this phenomenon can help. If you know the salad could encourage you to get a cheeseburger, perhaps it's possible to realize what's happening and resist the urge.

唐：但也许知道这种现象会有所帮助。如果你知道沙拉会诱导你点汉堡，也许你就会意识到错误，然后抵住冲动。

Yeal: Maybe,or you could just not eat fastfood in the first place.

雅艾尔：也许吧。不过你可以选择不吃快餐。

1 presence   

n.出席；到场；存在

参考例句：

• Her presence lent an air of respectability to the occasion.她的到场使那种场合增添了崇高的气氛。
• His presence is indicative of his willingness to help.他的出席表示他愿意帮忙。

2 spurred   

adj.装有马刺的v.策（马）前进( spur的过去式和过去分词 )；（尤指用马刺）策（马）加速；鞭策；策马飞奔

参考例句：

• What spurred them on was alchemy,the'science" of changing ordinary metals into gold. 激励他们的是炼金术，即把普通金属变为金子的“科学”。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He was spurred on by ambition. 他胸怀大志。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 fulfills   

v.履行（诺言等）( fulfill的第三人称单数 )；执行（命令等）；达到（目的）；使结束

参考例句：

• He always fulfills his promises. 他总是履行自己的诺言。 来自辞典例句
• His own work amply fulfills this robust claim. 他自己的作品在很大程度上实现了这一正确主张。 来自辞典例句