英语听力—环球英语 556 Protecting Tribal Communities

　　Voice 1
Thank you for joining us for today’s Spotlight¹ program. I’m Liz Waid.
Voice 2
And I’m Joshua Leo. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
In September of 2007 police in Botswana arrested six men. These men were hunting animals inside a protected area of land. But these men were arrested unfairly. Unlike most people, they had hunting rights in this area. The government let them hunt there. These men were Bushmen. They belonged to a group of people who have lived in Southern Africa for thousands of years.
Voice 2
Although the government permits the Bushmen to hunt on this land, the authorities² sometimes still arrest them. The authorities are not respecting the Bushmen’s rights. Many other tribal³ communities also suffer from events like this. Today’s Spotlight is on protecting the rights of tribal communities.
Voice 1
Tribal communities are social groups of people with a similar culture. These groups, or tribes⁵, are often very old communities. Before states, countries, and governments were established, people’s ancestors lived in tribes. But tribal communities have continued to exist through time. Tribal communities exist in the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia.
Voice 2
These different tribes of people have one thing in common. They have all experienced⁶ problems with larger outside communities. Let’s look at the story of one tribal community in the country of Brazil.
Voice 1
The Anewene Nawe is a tribe⁴ that lives in the Amazon forest of Brazil. They first met people from outside their tribe in 1974. There are about four hundred fifty [450] people in this tribe.
Voice 2
The Anewene Nawe tribe does not eat any red meat. They do not hunt. Instead, they grow plants for food. And they catch fish. The Anewene Nawe are skilled⁷ at fishing out of the Juruena river. Every year, the men of the tribe build dams in the river to catch fish. They depend on the Amazon forest for their supply of food.
Voice 1
But the Anewene Nawe people have faced problems with people who do not respect the land. Businesses are cutting down areas of the forest near the tribe. They are using this cleared land to grow soy beans. And they built a road on the Anewene Nawe’s land. This road was illegal - they built it without permission. Other people are digging for diamonds and other costly⁸ stones on the land. People come to the forest looking for rubber trees to use. And a group of companies is planning to build dams that will affect the river the tribe uses every day.
Voice 2
But it is not just the Anewene Nawe tribe that is facing a disagreement about land use. The Bushmen of Southern Africa are also experiencing problems. In Botswana, the Bushmen used to live in an area that was protected by the government. In fact, this area was created especially for the Bushmen.
Voice 1
But in the 1980s, people discovered diamonds in this area. Soon after this, government workers told the Bushmen to leave their land. The Bushmen had to move because people wanted to dig for diamonds.
Voice 2
Police forced the Bushmen out. Their homes, school, and health post closed. Their water supply was destroyed. Today, the Bushmen live outside the protected land. They can no longer hunt on their land. If they do try to hunt on their old land, police will arrest them.
Voice 1
In 2006, the Bushmen won an important case in court. They won the right to return to their land. But the government has stopped the Bushmen from moving back. The government will not let the Bushmen use their water hole. They will not give the Bushmen hunting permits. They continue to arrest and torture⁹ the Bushmen. And they do not let the Bushmen take their herds¹⁰ of goats onto the land to feed.
Voice 2
Sadly, the tribes in Brazil and Botswana are not the only groups to face difficult situations like these. Powerful groups are often able to abuse¹¹ the rights of tribal communities. This is because the communities do not have a lot of money. The tribal communities cannot fight in court alone. But there is a group that is helping¹² to defend the rights of tribal communities.
Voice 1
Survival¹³ International is a group that has existed since 1969. A group of people saw what was happening to tribal peoples in Brazil. They wanted to help. Today, this group, Survival International, has supporters in 82 countries
Voice 2
Survival International supports tribes in three ways. The first way is through education. The group works¹⁴ with people in developed areas. They teach people living in large cities about tribal communities. They teach respect for the tribal communities.
Voice 1
People from Survival International educate others in many different ways. They speak in schools. They offer materials for teachers and students. They also publish books about tribal communities.
Voice 2
The second way Survival international helps tribal communities is through advocacy. The group helps tribes talk directly with the companies that are harming them. The group also gives the tribes important information using radio and written communication. Survival International also helps tribes speak to governments. The group helped the Bushmen of Southern Africa take their case to court. They continue to support the Bushmen’s case today.
Voice 1
The final way that Survival International helps tribal communities is through organized movements, or campaigns. The group helps people all over the world to write letters to governments. The letters urge the governments to protect the rights of particular tribes. An organized letter movement worked for one tribal group in India. The government there planned on moving a local tribal community off their land. But after receiving one hundred fifty [150] letters every day, the government changed their plans.
Voice 2
Survival International works with international groups like the United Nations. Together these groups protect the rights of tribal communities enforcing¹⁵ international laws. They also organise¹⁶ peaceful protests¹⁷ to encourage governments to protect tribal peoples.
Voice 1
If you are interested in the work of Survival International, you can visit their website. There is a link to their website on the script¹⁸ page for this program on our website at ~. There, you can find more information about tribal communities near you.
Voice 2
There are many ways you can become involved. You can join a letter writing campaign. You can attend a Survival International event. You can translate the group’s documents into different languages. Survival International’s website also includes information about how you can get involved in your own community. You can help support the work of Survival International. You can help protect the rights of tribal communities all over the world.
 

1 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

2 authorities   

n.当局，权力，权威；权威( authority的名词复数 )；权力；学术权威；[复数]当权者

参考例句：

• They interceded with the authorities on behalf of the detainees. 他们为被拘留者向当局求情。
• At his instigation we conceal the fact from the authorities. 我们受他的怂恿向当局隐瞒了事实。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

4 tribe   

n.部落，种族，一伙人

参考例句：

• This is a subject tribe.这是个受他人统治的部落。
• Many of the tribe's customs and rituals are as old as the hills.这部落的许多风俗、仪式都极其古老。

5 tribes   

n.部落( tribe的名词复数 )；（动、植物的）族；（一）帮；大群

参考例句：

• tribes living in remote areas of the Amazonian rainforest 居住在亚马孙河雨林偏远地区的部落
• In Africa the snake is still sacred with many tribes. 非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 experienced   

adj.有经验的；经验丰富的，熟练的

参考例句：

• Experienced seamen will advise you about sailing in this weather.有经验的海员会告诉你在这种天气下的航行情况。
• Perhaps you and I had better change over;you are more experienced.也许我们的工作还是对换一下好，你比我更有经验。

7 skilled   

adj.(in)熟练的，有技能的；需要技能的

参考例句：

• Unskilled workers usually earn less money than skilled workers.无技能的工人通常比有技能的工人挣钱少。
• She was skilled enough in French to translate a novel.她法语娴熟，足以翻译小说。

8 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

9 torture   

n.折磨；v.折磨，使痛苦；使苦恼，使为难

参考例句：

• No torture would make him speak.任何严刑拷打都不能使他开口。
• Through those long years of imprisonment and torture,he remained faithful and unyielding.在那些遭受囚禁和酷刑的漫长岁月里，他始终坚贞不屈。

10 herds   

兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众

参考例句：

• Regularly at daybreak they drive their herds to the pasture. 每天天一亮他们就把牲畜赶到草场上去。
• There we saw herds of cows grazing on the pasture. 我们在那里看到一群群的牛在草地上吃草。

11 abuse   

vt.滥用；辱骂；诋毁；n.滥用；恶习；弊端

参考例句：

• You can't make personal abuse on her.你不可对她进行人身攻击。
• She screamed abuse at me.她尖声责备我。

12 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

13 survival   

n.留住生命，生存，残存，幸存者

参考例句：

• The doctor told my wife I had a fifty-fifty chance of survival.医生告诉我的妻子，说我活下去的可能性只有50%。
• The old man was a survival of a past age.这位老人是上一代的遗老。

14 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

15 enforcing   

v.实施( enforce的现在分词 )；执行；强迫；强制执行

参考例句：

• The flower structure in one tree was different, enforcing cleistogamy. 同一株树上的花结构不同，因而闭花受精是强制实现的。 来自辞典例句
• The house had been cleared of every object enforcing the remembrance. 这座房子里能勾起人们记忆的所有物件均被消除了。 来自辞典例句

16 organise   

vt.组织，安排，筹办

参考例句：

• He has the ability to organise.他很有组织才能。
• It's my job to organise all the ceremonial events.由我来组织所有的仪式。

17 protests   

n.[体]抗议；抗议，反对( protest的名词复数 )v.声明( protest的第三人称单数 )；坚决地表示；申辩

参考例句：

• The protests have forced the government to back-pedal on the new tax. 抗议活动已迫使政府撤销新的税目。
• Plans to build a new mall were deep-sixed after protests from local residents. 修建新室内购物中心的计划由于当地居民反对而搁浅。

18 script   

n.剧本，广播稿；文字体系；笔迹，手迹

参考例句：

• It's easy to identify his script.他的笔迹容易辨认。
• The script is massaged into final form.这篇稿子经过修改已定稿。